INDEX350
chúfpi 䲚䶔 unless 45.1, 45.6
chúle...yvwài 䲚ҼĊԛཌ besides; except for
40.2, 40.3, 40.4, 57.3, 57.6
cì ⅗ times 39.6
classifiers 8
clock time 49.1, 49.6
commands 51.1, 51.5, 56.2
communication strategies 25
comparison 10.4, 10.5, 33
compass directions 47.1
completed action and aspect 13.1, 13.2, 13.3,
17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.5, 37.1, 37.2, 37.3,
37.5, 37.6, 37.7, 37.10; and resultative verbs
32.1, 32.2, 32.3, 32.8, 32.9
compliments 59
conditionals and expressing conditions 45
cóng Ԅ/ᗔ from 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 48.1, 48.2,
48.3
cónglái Ԅᶛ/ּᗔ never 13.1, 27.2, 35.4
congratulations 64
conjunctions 16
content questions 28.8, 30.2
contrast 41
conversely ffnguòlái ਃ䗽ᶛ/ּਃ䚄, on the
contrary ffn’ér ਃ㙂 41.5
coverbs see prepositions and prepositional
phrasesdànshì ռᱥ but 41.1–41.4, 41.7
dào ࡦ to 14.1, 14.2, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3
dates (calendar) 49.3, 49.5
days of the week 49.4, 49.5
de Ⲻ noun modification 9
de ᗍ, manner adverbials 31.1–31.4;
resultative and potential endings 18.2,
18.3, 18.6, 32.2, 32.4, 32.5, 32.6
de ൦ adverbial modification 31.5, 31.8
default objects, action verb 13.3, 13.4
deflecting praise see responding to
compliments
dui ᗍ must 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 50.1, 50.3,
50.4, 50.5
demonstratives see specifiers and
demonstratives
dungdào ࡦᅀ at the time when 43.5
de shíhou Ⲻᰬُ when 43.1–43.2
desires 53.1, 53.2
dì ᅴ 6.5
difference see comparison
directional complements see directional
verbs
directional verbs 19directions, asking for 25.1, 25.2, 47.1, 48.1,
48.2; compass directions 47.1; directional
expressions 47.1, 47.2; directional
movement 48.4; giving 25.1, 25.2, 47.1,
48.1, 48.2, 48.3
discount 6.9, 6.10
disjunction 16.1
disposal construction see bt ᣀ
dissatisfaction 60.2, 60.3, 60.4
distance 47.4
do not have to see obligations
dru 䜳 all 15
duì ሯ/ቃ preposition 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
duìbuqv ሯу䎭/ቃу䎭 excuse me (apology)
25.1, 25.2, 63.1
durshto ཐቇ how many 28.9, 28.10
duration 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.7
durative aspect see aspecteast see directions
effect see cause and effect
either–or 䘎ᱥ/䚺ᱥ háishi questions 16.1, 28.6
equational verb ᱥ shì 11.3, 29.1, 30.1, 30.2
estimates 6.6
even if ቧᱥ jiù shì 45.1
every ∅ mgi 46.7
except for, besides 䲚ҼĊԛཌ chúle... yvwài
40.2, 40.3, 40.4, 57.3, 57.6
existence ᴿ ywu 11.3, 29.1, 29.4, 29.5
experienced in the past V 䗽/䚄 guò 17.2,
17.6, 37.6, 37.7, 37.10
extent or result of a situation 32ffnguòlái ਃ䗽ᶛ/ּਃ䚄 conversely ffn’ér
ਃ㙂 on the contrary 41.5
far see distance
fax see telecommunications and internet
communications
fear 55
fpn ࠼, money 8.4, 8.5; time 49.1
final particles see sentence final particles
first... then ݾ xian... ߃ zài 42.6, 42.7
focus 37.9, with ᱥĊⲺ shì... de and means
of transportation 48.5, 57.5
follow-up questions with ઘ ne 28.7
fractions 6.7
frequency 39.6
future 36gui 㔏/㎜ preposition 14.2, 14.3
gpn 䐕, in comparison structures 33.1, 33.2, 33.5,
33.11; conjunction 16.1; preposition 14.1–14.3