Index
do as you please 随便/隨便 suíbiàn, 怎么/怎麼
V 就怎么/怎麼 V zěnme V jiù zěnme V
54.2.4
dōng 东/東 (东面/東面 dōngmiàn, 东边/東邊
dōngbiān) ‘east’ 47.1.1.2
don’t 别 bié 12.5, 50.2.1, 51.1.2, 不要 bù yào
50.2.1, 51.1.2
dōu 都 15.2.2
and habitual action 35.3
and habitual time 35.1
expressing ‘both’ and ‘all’ 46.1.1
expressing ‘none’ 46.2
expressing ‘every’, ‘any’, ‘not any’ and ‘no
matter how’ 46.4
double, pair, both 双/雙 shuāng 6.7, 46.1.4
double negatives 46.3.2
duì 对/對
as a preposition and verb 14.3
‘correct’ 28.2
‘toward’ 14.3
duìbuqǐ 对不起/對不起
asking for directions 48.6.4
apologies 63.1
apologizing for an intrusion 25.1.2
apologizing for a refusal 62.3
apologizing for interrupting a speaker 25.9
duìmiàn 对面/對面 ‘across from’ 47.1
duìyú 对于/對於 concerning, regarding, as for
(the topic) 57.1.1
duō 多 ‘more’
asking about age 30.7.2
asking about distance 47.5.2
in comparison structures 33.3.4.2, 33.3.4.5,
33.3.5
duōshǎo 多少 ‘how much, how many’ 28.6
asking about money 8.5
asking about time 49.2.1.1, 49.2.2.1, 49.2.4.1
duration and durative aspect
and progression, with 在 zài and 正在
zhèngzài 17.2.1, 34.2, 39.2.1
with 还/還 hái 39.2.2
with 呢 ne 34.3
with 着/著 zhe 13.5.1, 13.6.1, 17.2, 34.4, 39.1,
39.2, 39.3
east 东/東 dōng (东面/東面 dōngmiàn,
东边/東邊 dōngbiān) 47.1.1.2
effect (see cause and effect) 44
either–or questions 还是/還是 háishi 16.2.1,
28.3
email 26.1.3
embarrassment 不好意思 bù hǎo yìsi ‘be
embarassed’
in apologies and regrets 62.3, 63.1.2
in expressing gratitude 61.1.2
emphasis, of the direct object 13.5.2, structures
used for emphasis 57.3
emphasizing details of a past event 37.9, 57.2.4
envelopes 22.7
equational sentences 11.4, 11.5, 30.1
equational verbs 是 shì 11.4, 30.1, 姓 xìng 11.5
ér 而 ‘and, but’ 40.6
éryǐ 而已 ‘and that’s all’ 15.2.7
estimates and approximations 6.5
even (inclusion) 连/連 lián 57.2.3
even, go so far as to 甚至于/甚至於 shènzhì yú
25.11.4
even if 就是 jiùshì 45.2
even more 更 gèng (comparative degree) 10.5,
33.5
every 每 měi 35.1, 46.3, 46.4.1
every (day, year) 35.2, 46.3.3
except for, in addition to: 除了 chúle... 以外
yǐwài 40.10, 57.2.2
existence with 有 yǒu 11.6, 29.3, 38.1, with 有
yǒu and 在 zài 47.2
experiential aspect with 过/過 guo 13.2, 17.3,
37.6, 37.7
extent or result of a situation verb 得 de S/VP
32.6face-saving strategies 留面子 liú miànzi 62.2.3
false borrowing characters 假借 jiǎjiè 3.3.5
family names 姓 xìng 11.5, 22.1
fǎn’ér 反而 ‘on the contrary, in contrast’ 41.2.2
fǎnguòlái 反过来/反過來 ‘conversely’ 41.2.2
far 远/遠 yuǎn, 47.4.1
fax 26.1.1
fear 怕 pà 55.1, 恐怕 kǒngpà ‘afraid that’ 63.3
feasibility 52.2.2
fēi 非 literary marker of negation 27.5
fēn 分 ‘cents’ 8.5, ‘minutes’ 49.1
in fractions and percentages 6.6.1, 9.6
fields of study 23.3
fillers in conversations 25.10
final particles (see sentence final particles)
finals (in the Mandarin syllable) 1.1.2
first 首先 shǒuxiān, 第一 dì yī, 先 xiān 25.11.2
first... then 先 xiān... 再 42.3.1
focus 11.4, 37.9, 57.2
follow-up questions 28.5
for, on behalf of, as a replacement for 替 tì 14.2.6
for, on behalf of, for the benefit of 为/為 wéi
14.2.8
for example 比方说/比方說 bǐfang shuō 25.11.5
for what reason? why? 为何/為何 wéihé 44.4
foreign words and loan words 5
formal characters for numbers 6.3
fǒuzé 否則 ‘otherwise’ 45.5
fractions 6.6.1, 9.6