Tuttle Learners of Chinese -English Dictionary

Group   1: diphthongs   starting    with a/e/ê

                ai similar  to y in my

                ao similar  to ow in how

                an

                ang

                en

                eng

                ei similar  to ay in may

Group   2: diphthongs   starting    with i

                ia

                ie similar  to ye in yes

                iao

                iou similar to you (spelled iu when preceded    by  a   consonant)

                ian

                ien similar to in (spelled in when  preceded    by  a   consonant)

                ieng similar    to En in English (spelled ing when  preceded    by  a   consonant)

                iang similar    to young

                iong

Group   3: diphthongs   starting    with u/o

                ua

                uo

                uai similar to why in   British English

                uei similar to way (spelled ui when preceded    by  a   consonant)

                uan

                uen (spelled un when    preceded    by  a   consonant)

                ueng

                uang

                ong

Group   4: diphthongs   starting    with ü

                üe used only    after j, q, x;  spelled ue

                üen used    only    after j, q, x;  spelled un

                üan used    only    after j, q, x;  spelled uan

1.3 consonants

Consonants  may be  grouped in  the following   ways.

Group   1:  These   consonants  are almost  the same    in  Chinese and English.

CHINESE ENGLISH

                m m