Summary (^79)
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KEy TERmS
The terms below are defined in the margins throughout this chapter. Review your Flashcards.
absent audience 69
attitude 73
audience analysis 68
belief 73
closed question 73
credibility 76
demographic analysis 69
demonstrated or intrinsic
credibility 77
direct methods 73
ethnicity 71
gender 71
homogeneous audience 69
hostile audience 69
indirect methods 74
listening speaker 68
motivated audience 69
open question 73
pandering 70
passive audience 69
prior or extrinsic credibility 77
psychological profile 73
race 71
random audience 68
ranked questions 74
salient 71
scaled questions 73
self-selected audience 69
sex 71
social category 71
spinning 70
terminal credibility 78
unmotivated audience 68
values 74
CRiTiCAl ThinKing QuESTionS
- Identify times when you have been a member of each type of audience: unmotivated,
random, passive, motivated, self-selected, homogeneous, hostile, and absent. Select
one situation and describe how your motivation affected the way you listened. - What occupation(s) most interest(s) you? What opportunities might you have to
address each type of audience listed in Exercise 1 within your chosen occupational
field? Which type of audience is most common in that occupation? Which is least
common? - How would a demographer describe you? Write a self-analysis using the demographic
categories listed in this chapter. From what you observe about your classmates, how
are you like others in the class? How are you different? - Next, identify which aspect(s) of your identity, if any, would be most salient if you were
listening to a speech with the following central ideas. What should a speaker do to
make the topic appeal to you?
• To inform my audience about the Feast of the Epiphany, how different cultures cele-
brate it, and the Mexican tradition of eating rosca de reyes as part of the celebration.
• To make my audience understand the global impact of rap by looking at rappers
from Brazil, South Africa, France, and Korea.
• To persuade my audience that states should install apps in cars to track the amount
of miles they drive and tax drivers by mileage, not per gallon purchased.
• To convince my audience that the $10.5 billion allotted to NASA is essential.
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