Public Speaking

142 CHAPTER 11^ Outlining Your Speech

b. Another way is to shut down the engine and grind the bottom, which I do but

don’t recommend.

c. Companies like neoteric have figured out a braking system, but brakes are not

common (Neoteric, 2012).

3. Most importantly, they are not street legal because they can’t climb hills—which
   goes back to physics.
   a. You have an incline [draw on whiteboard].
   i. The lack of friction increases the amount of force needed to go up an incline,
   force they don’t have.
   ii. In contrast, the cars we drive have grips on the tires plus momentum to
   keep them on the road.
   b. Finally, roads are raised slightly in the center [illustrate with hand] to let the
   water run off to the side.
   i. A hovercraft going down a paved road would have to angle toward the center
   all the way.
   ii. That would be hard to do.
   Conclusion
   I. In conclusion...
   II. Hovercraft are low-friction machines with several advantages, but noise pollution, steering
   and brake problems, and hills keep them from being street legal.
   III. The next time you hear the term all-terrain vehicle, you can talk about the “real” ATV.
   IV. It’s not from the Jetsons, but it is, in fact, a real-live hovercraft.

Sources:

BBC Australia. (2010). Hovercraft van, part 4. Top Gear, Season 20, Episode 2. Retrieved from http://www

.topgear.com/au/videos/2002-7

Borough, P. (2010). 10 common questions about hovercraft. Retrieved from http://www.peterboroughhovercraft

.com/ARTICLE10questions.htm

By setting apart the

conclusion, he makes

sure that he’s crafted

a memorable ending

that summarizes the

speech and is both

purposeful and brief.

Leif formats his refer-

ences in the American

Psychological Asso-

ciation (APA) style.

Ask your instructor

which format he or

she prefers, but always

list the references you

consulted during your

speech preparation.

Positive features

unique ATVs mostly water

Also sand ice grass dirt flat pavement

Instead of writing his notes
on index cards, Leif could
take advantage of the “click
to add notes” feature on
PowerPoint. He sees the
notes; the audience does not.

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