Public Speaking

26 CHAPTER^2 Giving Your First Speech: Developing Confidence

anticipatory speech anxiety 16

canon 16

canon of delivery 19

canon of disposition or

arrangement 17

canon of invention 16

canon of memory 19

canon of style 18

canons of rhetoric 16

cognitive modification 23

communication apprehension

(CA) 15

connectives 18

extemporaneous delivery 19

fight-or-flight mechanism 20

habituation 25

impromptu delivery 19

internal monologue (I-M) 23

manuscript delivery 19

memorized delivery 19

performance anxiety 15

power pose 24

process anxiety 15

physiological anxiety 20

psychological anxiety 20

public speaking anxiety

(PSA) 15

style 18

systematic desensitization 21

visualization 23

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KEy tERmS

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CRitiCAL    thinKing ExERCiSES

1. Many factors affect communication apprehension (CA). An interesting study found that
   athletes have less CA than nonathletes, and those who play team sports have less CA
   than individual athletes.^37 From your own experiences, does this seem true? What
   factors might contribute to these differences?


2. Rank from 1 to 5 (easiest to hardest) the five canons of rhetoric in order of difficulty
   for you.
   Invention: audience analysis, topic selection, purpose, research
   Disposition: organization or arrangement and connection of ideas
   Style: choice of appropriate language
   Memory: remembering what you want to say
   ___ Delivery: actually presenting your speech
   Why did you rank them in this order? Identify some strategies you can use to work on
   the areas that challenge you most.


3. Write down an occupation that interests you. Then list the five canons of rhetoric.
   Beside each canon, identify ways that the skills developed within that canon will be
   useful in the job you named. For example, how will identifying a purpose or doing
   research help in a career such as nursing or engineering? How might organizing ideas
   help in teaching or computer programming?


4. Consider the ways that careful preparation and adequate rehearsal might contribute
   to your speaking competence. What effect does last-minute preparation have on
   competence? What effect does it have on anxiety? Knowing this, how do you plan to
   prepare for your next speech?

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