Public Speaking

Strategies to Improve Listening (^47)
a radio reporter tells where an accident blocks traffic. Several strategies can help you
learn more competently.^22
Prepare in Advance
Before the session, ask some pre-questions such as “What do I already know about
this topic? What do I want to know? What do I need to know?” Your answers to these
questions can help you set learning goals.
• Before a classroom session, review notes from previous sessions and then study the
text, noting highlighted concepts, key terms, and headings; read the chapter summary.
Look at the pictures and diagrams, or search the Internet for supplementary or
background information.
• In the workplace, do your homework beforehand by brushing up on background
information. This will help you ask more thoughtful questions.
Use Attention-Directing Strategies
Taking notes is a common attention-directing strategy. Focus on particular areas of the
message; for example, listen for and write down the main ideas, list practical “things
I must remember,” or note examples that will help you recall concepts. Jot down
unfamiliar words to look up later. Use what you know about speech organization to
help you remember material. For instance, signals such as first, next, or finally can help
you identify a series of steps. Be alert for words that connect ideas such as therefore or
in contrast.^23
Remember Your Goals
It’s easier to pay attention when you consider your investment in the topic. For instance,
a lecture on anatomy may seem boring, but the information is essential in many careers.
So try to reframe your attitude about uninteresting material. Think of positive things
about the topic and how the information can be of use. In the classroom, try to antici-
pate what might be on a test; in the workplace, look for the main things your boss wants
you to remember.^24
Taking notes and relating the
material to your life are two
helpful strategies to develop
advanced listening skills.
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