Notes (^459)
- For an excellent review of gender and persuasibility
research, see Daniel J. O’Keefe, Persuasion: Theory and
Research (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990) 176–77. Also
see James B. Stiff, Persuasive Communication (New York:
Guilford Press, 1994) 133–36. - O’Keefe, Persuasion.
- Gregory Herek, “Study Offers ‘Snapshot’ of Sacramento-
Area Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community.” 23 July 2001
http://psyweb.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/htmlsacramento
_study.html. For an excellent review of literature about
sexual orientation and communication, see T. P. Mottet,
“The Role of Sexual Orientation in Predicting Outcome
Value and Anticipated Communication Behaviors,” Com-
munication Quarterly 48 (2000): 233–39. - See R. Lewontin, “The Apportionment of Human Diver-
sity,” Evolutionary Biology 6 (1973): 381–97; H. A. Yee, H. H.
Fairchild, F. Weizmann, and E. G. Wyatt, “Addressing Psy-
chology’s Problems with Race,” American Psychologist 48
(1994): 1132–40; D. Matsumoto and L. Juang, Culture and
Psychology (Belmont: Wadsworth/Thompson, 2004) 16. - The research summarized here is based on pioneering
work by Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: Inter-
national Differences in Work-Related Values (Beverly Hills:
Sage, 1984). Also see Edward T. Hall, Beyond Culture
(New York: Doubleday, 1976). - Richard Perez-Pena, “U.S. Bachelor Degree Rate Passes
Milestone,” New York Times 23 February 2012. http://
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/24/education/census-
finds-bachelors-degrees-at-record-level.html?_r=0. - M. E. Ryan, “Another Way to Teach Migrant Students,”
Los Angeles Times 31 March 1991: B20, as cited in M. W.
Lustig and J. Koester, Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal
Communication Across Cultures (Boston: Allyn & Bacon,
2003) 11. - G. Chen and W. J. Starosta, “A Review of the Concept of
Intercultural Sensitivity,” Human Communication 1 (1997):
7. - U.S. Census Bureau. 8 February 2010. http://www.prb
.org/AmeristateTemplate. - Susan Saulny, “Black? White? Asian? More Young Americans
Choose All of the Above,” New York Times, 30 January
2011: 1, 20–21. - United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/
newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-243.html. - David W. Kale, “Ethics in Intercultural Communication,”
in Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 6th ed., eds. Larry
A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter (Belmont: Wadsworth,
1991) 423; also see the discussion in Lustig and Koester,
Intercultural Competence. - Donald E. Brown, “Human Universals and Their
Implications,” in Being Humans: Anthropological Universality
and Particularity in Transdisciplinary Perspectives, ed. N.
Roughley (New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2000). Reprinted
by permission. For an applied discussion of these
universals, see Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern
Denial of Human Nature (London: Penguin Books, 2002). - Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter, Communication
Between Cultures (Stamford: Wadsworth and Thomson
Learning, 2001) 29.
17. Henry Sweets, “Mark Twain in India,” The Fence Painter:
Bulletin of the Mark Twain Boyhood Home Associates 26
(Winter 1996): 1.
18. For an excellent discussion of how to adapt to specific
audience situations, see Jo Sprague and Douglas Stuart,
The Speaker’s Handbook (Fort Worth: Harcourt, Brace,
Jovanovich, 1992) 345.
19. Devorah Lieberman, Public Speaking in the Multicultural
Environment (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2000). Also see
Edward T. Hall, The Silent Language (Greenwich: Fawcett,
1959); and Edward T. Hall, The Hidden Dimension (Garden
City: Doubleday, 1966).
Chapter 7 Developing Your Speech - Mary Carmichael, “Speeches Strike a Similar Tone,” The
Boston Globe 8 June 2012.
2. Carmichael.
3. Roger Fringer, “Choosing a Speech Topic,” Student Speeches
Video II, 1st ed. By Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2003 by
Allyn and Bacon. Reprinted by permission of Pearson
Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
4. Bruce Gronbeck, from his presidential address, delivered
at the annual conference of the Speech Communication
Association, November 1994.
5. Henry H. Sweets III, “Mark Twain’s Lecturing Career
Continuation—Part II,” The Fence Painter (Winter 2000–2001).
6. Alex F. Osborn, Applied Imagination (New York: Scribner’s,
1962).
7. Monique Russo, “The ‘Starving Disease’ or Anorexia
Nervosa,” student speech, University of Miami, 1984.
8. Brian Sosnowchik, “The Cries of American Ailments,”
in Winning Orations 2000 (Mankato: Interstate Oratorical
Association, 2000) 114.
9. Judith Humphrey, “Taking the Stage: How Women Can
Achieve a Leadership Presence,” Vital Speeches of the Day
(1 May 2001): 437.
10. Adapted from Erin Gallagher, “Upholstered Furniture
Fires: Sitting in the Uneasy Chair,” in Winning Orations
2000 (Mankato: Interstate Oratorical Association, 2000)
99–101.
11. “Shuttle Missions” NASA, 9 March 2011, 22 April 2011.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle
/shuttlemissions/index.html.
12. Adapted from Nicole Tremel, “The New Wasteland: Com-
puters,” Winning Orations 2000 (Mankato: Interstate Ora-
torical Association, 2000).
13. Patrick Martin, “The Energy Cure That Kills: Hydraulic
Fracturing for Natural Gas,” in Winning Orations 2011
(Mankato: Interstate Oratorical Association, 2011) 147.
Chapter 8 Gathering and Using Supporting
Material - “Types of Web Sites,” Xavier University Library, 2010.
2. Elizabeth Kirk, “Practical Steps in Evaluating Internet
Resources.” 7 May 2001. 22 May 2001 http://Milton.mse
.jhu.edu:8001/research/education/ractical.html.
3. Charles Osgood, “On Civility in the Media,” Vital Speeches
of the Day (September 2011): 316–18.
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