Flaming Star Nebula 252, 253
Flammarion, Camille 227
Flamsteed, John 122
Flaugergues, Honoré 142
Fomalhaut (star) 208, 215, 245
Fornax (constellation) 247
Fournier, G. 111
Fraunhofer, Josef 15, 158
Fraunhofer lines 158–9, 171
Fundamental particles 206G
Gagarin, Major Yuri 26
Galactic cluster 174, 195
Galactic halo 196
Galactic supernova 236
Galaxies
binary 198
black holes 184, 185, 196,
200–1
‘bridges’ between 202
classification 200
clusters 195, 205, 229
collisions between 201
discovery 15
distance from Earth 202
distribution 195, 204
elliptical 200, 204
giant 199, 201, 204, 229
evolution 201
Hubble’s Tuning Fork diagram
200
irregular 200
Local Group 195, 198–9, 204,
229
composition 198–9
data listed 198
members 198–9
structure 198
movement, direction 195
quasars, connected to 202
spectral analysis 195
speed of recession 204
spiral 200, 219, 240, 246
Andromeda seeM31
barred 200
cause 200
Great seeM31
NGC55 259
NGC253 259
Whirlpool seeM51
types listed 200–1
velocity as distance guide 202
Black-Eye Galaxy seeM64
M74 243
Maffei 1 and 2 198, 199, 222
NGC5128 (Centaurus A) 201,
256
Seyfert 185, 200, 201, 204,
229, 246
Sombrero Hat Galaxy seeM104
Galaxy, the 194, 195, 198
appearance 194
centre 196
composition 196
early observations 194
galactic halo 196
globular clusters 187, 196,
199, 219
infra-red image of centre 197
missing mass problem 196
Populations I and II 196, 224
rotation 196
size 196
structure 196
Sun, position of 196
Galileans 102–5
Galileo Galilei 12, 14, 102, 194
Galileo probe 51, 90, 98, 99,
100, 101, 102, 104–5
Galle, Johann 130Gamma Crucis (star) 167
Gamma-rays 20, 21
Gan De (astronomer) 102
Ganymede (satellite of Jupiter)
104
amateur observation of 103
composition 102
orbit 103
magnetic field 104
structure 102
surface features 107
Gaspra (asteroid) 81
Gegenschein (counterglow) 34
Gemini (constellation) 177, 251
Gemini spacecraft 27
Geminid meteor stream 92
Geographos (asteroid) 52
Gernhardt, Michael 11
Ghost of Jupiter Nebula
(NGC3242) 231
Gill, Sir David 142
Giotto di Bondone 141
Giotto probe 25, 140, 141
Gladman, B. J. 116
Glenn, Colonel John 26
Globular clusters seeStellar
clusters
Goddard, Robert Hutchings 22–3
Goodricke, John 223
Gravitational contraction 94
Gravitational lensing effect 202,
203
Gravity and star formation 174
Gravity-assist technique 25, 64,
162
Great Nebula seeM42
Great Pyramid of Cheops 37
Great Spiral (galaxy) seeM31
Great Wall (galaxies) 204
Great Wall of China 32
Greek alphabet listed 166
Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula 70
Grus (constellation) 258
Gulliver’s Travels(Swift) 80
Gum, Colin 188
Gum Nebula 188
Guzman Prize 76H
Hadar (B-type star) 256
Hale, Alan 145
Hale, George Ellery 15, 18
Hall, Asaph 80
Halley, Edmond 140, 219, 224,
235
Halley’s Comet 72, 138, 140–1,
146
age and future 141
Battle of Hastings 141
condemned by Pope 141
constituents 141
craters 141
earliest record 140
first photograph 141
Halley Multi-colour Camera
141
jet activity 141
nucleus 141
orbit 140
probes to 25, 141
returns 141
brightest recorded 140
first predicted 140
future 141
tail 140, 141
Hansen, Andreas 48
Harpalke (satellite of Jupiter) 103
Harriot, Thomas 14
Hawking, Stephen 185
Hawkins, M. H. 172
Hay, W. T. 114Helin, Eleanor 93
Helium, stellar evolution 175
Helix Nebula 245
Hen Nebula 188
Henize, Karl 188
Hercules (constellation) 234–5
Herschel, Caroline 139
Herschel, Sir John 127, 139,
213, 230, 243
Herschel, William 14–15, 80,
90, 122, 126, 139, 162, 188,
189, 194, 196, 220, 221, 223,
234, 235, 249
Hertzsprung, Ejner 172
Hertzsprung-Russell (HR)
Diagrams 172, 173
Hesiod 250
Hevelius, Johannes 219, 223,
227, 252
Himalia (satellite of Jupiter) 103
Himeros (on Eros) 92
Hipparchus 227
Hipparcos (astrometric satellite)
170, 204
Hipparcos catalogue 204
Hiten probe 51
Holman, M. 132
Homer 250
Horologium (constellation) 260
Horse’s Head Nebula 189
Hoyle, Sir Fred 142, 202
Hubble, Edwin 30–1, 194, 195,
200, 202
Andromeda Galaxy distance
estimated 228
Tuning Fork diagram 200
Hubble Constant 204
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
11, 25, 30–1, 31, 84, 90, 91,
100, 101, 102, 114, 121, 123,
125, 131, 136, 185, 195,
204–5, 208, 258
instruments carried 30
observations
black hole 185
Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
100, 101
deep field 204–5
galaxies 185, 195, 200
Hen Nebula 1357 188
Jupiter’s satellites 106
M87 185
nova 181
Pluto 135, 136
Wide Field and Planetary
Camera 30, 109, 179
Wide Field Planetary Camera 2
(WFPC-2) 31, 125, 131,
185, 205
Huggins, Sir William 188, 221
Hulst, H. C. van de 196
Huygens, Christiaan 76, 110, 120
Huygens probe 120–1
Hyades (open cluster) 186, 187,
250
Hyakutake, Yuji 144
Hydra (constellation) 230–1
Hydrogen
Earth’s geocorona 40
Magellanic Stream 198
and origin of universe 206
stars 175
Sun 159
Hydrus (constellation) 260–1
hypergiant 222
Hyperion (satellite of Saturn)
116, 117, 119I
Iapetus (satellite of Saturn) 116,
117, 119IC2602 (stellar cluster) 254
Ida (asteroid) 81, 91
Ihle, Abraham 239
Indus (constellation) 259
Infra-red 20, 201, 238
astronomy 21
observations and images 106
centre of the Galaxy 197
rings of Uranus 122
Saturn 108
planet-forming material 208
telescopes 18
United Kingdom Infra-Red
Telescope (UKIRT) 18, 21
Infra-Red Astronomical Satellite
(IRAS) 196, 197, 208, 232,
245, 246
Intergalactic tramp 199, 253
International Astronomical
Union 122, 123, 127, 146,
208, 213
International Space Station (ISS)
28–9
Interstellar code 209
Io (satellite of Jupiter) 99,
102–3, 104–5, 106
amateur observation 103
composition 102
effect on Jupiter 94
electrical flux tube 102
orbit 103
other Galileans compared 103,
104
structure 102
surface features 104, 105, 106
vulcanism 94, 102–3, 104,
105, 106
Iocaste (satellite of Jupiter) 103
Isidorus, Bishop of Seville 12
Isonoe (satellite of Jupiter) 103J
James Webb Space Telescope 30
Jansky, Karl 20
Janus (satellite of Saturn) 116
Jewel Box (open stellar cluster)
167, 186, 242, 257
Jewitt, David 137, 141
Julius Caesar 167
Juno (asteroid) 90
Jupiter 34, 94–101
age 94
asteroid belt, effect on 90
atmosphere 94
belts and zones 94, 96
brightness 63
colour 94, 96, 114
Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9,
collision with 100–1, 137
comets, effect on 139
core 94
decametric radiation 94
electrical flux tube 102
first telescopic observation 96
Galileans 102–5
gravitation 90, 94
Great Red Spot 95, 96, 114
layers 94
lightning 98
magnetosphere 98, 99
meteors, effect on 146
observed from Earth 94, 96
planetary data listed 35, 95
probes to 98–9
radiation zones 103
radio emissions 94, 103
ring system 98, 99, 110
satellites 99, 102–5, 116
listed 103
motion of 103
see also individual satellitesSaturn compared 108, 114
South Tropical Disturbance 96
spectroscopic analysis 94
Sun compared 94
surface composition 94
synodic period 63
Systems 1 and 2 96
temperature 94
Trojan asteroids 92, 93, 117
visual identification 264
Voyager mission 25K
Kalyke (satellite of Jupiter) 103
Kappa Crucis 242
Kappa Pavonis (W Virginis type
star) 178, 259
Kavelaars, J. J. 132
Kepler, Johannes 13, 22, 183
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary
Motion 13, 112, 196
Kepler’s Star (galactic
supernova) 236
Kirch, Gotfried 237
Kirchhoff, Gustav 158
Kitt Peak Solar Telescope,
Arizona 159
Kohoutek, Lubos 143
Kowal, C. 137
Kuiper, G. 34, 120, 137
Kuiper Belt 34, 135, 137, 139
Halley’s Comet 140
Kursa (star) 246
KW Saggitarii 172
KY Cygni 172L
La Paz, Lincoln 149
Lacaille, Nicolas-Louis de 247,
254, 256, 260, 261
Lacerta (constellation) 223
Lagrange, Joseph 92
Lagrangian points 92, 116, 117
Lambda Tauri (eclipsing binary
star) 178
Lassell, William 126, 132
Latitude 168
Le Verrier, U. J. J. 130
Leavitt, Henrietta 258
Leda (satellite of Jupiter) 103
Legentil, Guillaume 252
Leo (constellation) 167, 215,
226–7
Leo Minor (constellation) 219
Leonid Meteor Storm 146, 147
Lepus (constellation) 249
Lesath (star) 238
Levy, David 100
Libra (constellation) 229
Librations, lunar 48
Life
beyond Solar System 25
on Earth 36
man 36
origins 36
extinction on Earth 36
ingredients needed for 120
oldest examples 37
on other worlds 208–9, 246
on Titan 120–1
Light
aberration 220
pollution 16, 264
wavelengths of visible 20
Light-years 167
‘Linea’ 106
Local Group seeGalaxies
Lockyer, Sir N. 159
Longitude 168
Lovell, Sir Bernard 20ATLAS OF THE UNIVERSE
Index
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