Encyclopedia of the Solar System 2nd ed

520 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 1 Schematic illustration of the Earth’s magnetosphere. The Earth’s magnetic field li ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 521 interstellar medium, the density of the interstellar plasma, and the pressure exerted on its surrou ...

522 Encyclopedia of the Solar System Our knowledge of the heliosphere beyond the orbits of the giant planets was for decades pri ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 523 TABLE 1 Properties of the Solar Wind and Scales of Planetary Magnetospheres Mercury Venus Earth Mar ...

524 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 5 Schematic illustration of a flux rope, a magnetic structure that has been identifi ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 525 FIGURE 6 Schematic of the shape of the interaction between an asteroid and the flowing solar wind. ...

526 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 7 Schematic illustration of the magnetic field and plasma properties in the neighbor ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 527 of the boundary, solar wind plasma would have to move across magnetic field lines to enter the magn ...

528 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 8 Orientation of the planets’ spin axes and their magnetic fields (magnetic field li ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 529 FIGURE 9 Schematic comparison of the magnetospheres of Jupiter, Earth, and Mercury. Relative to the ...

530 Encyclopedia of the Solar System magnetospheres that vary at the period of planetary rota- tion. Furthermore, Uranus’ large ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 531 confined by the planet’s strong magnetic field for many days so that densities can become relativel ...

532 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 10 The ionization of an extended atmosphere of neutral atoms (yellow) around Jupiter ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 533 Neptune is much below this limit, perhaps because it is harder to trap particles in nondipolar magn ...

534 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 12 (Left) The image shows Earth’s aurora observed with the Far Ultraviolet Imaging S ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 535 FIGURE 13 Adapted from the schematic view of reconnection sketched by J. W. Dungey in 1961. (a) A n ...

536 Encyclopedia of the Solar System Dynamical changes long studied at Earth are also ex- pected in the magnetospheres of the ot ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 537 more closely than those of Earth. Observations scheduled in the coming years will surely bear on th ...

538 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 15 A schematic view of Ganymede’s magnetosphere embedded in Jupiter’s magnetospheric ...

Planetary Magnetospheres 539 occurs as a steady process or whether it occurs with some periodic or aperiodic modulation. 7. Conc ...