Encyclopedia of the Solar System 2nd ed

560 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 3 Spectacular image of comet Tempel 1 taken from Deep Impact’sflyby spacecraft 67 se ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 561 FIGURE 5 Summary schematic on a logarithmic scale of cometary features and phenomena. (Repri ...

562 Encyclopedia of the Solar System the nucleus—80–90% H 2 O (water) ice; roughly 10% CO (carbon monoxide) ice; and small amoun ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 563 FIGURE 7 Schematic showing the layered structure of a cometary nucleus from the pristine com ...

564 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 9 Splitting of comet LINEAR. (Top) TheHubble Space Telescope(HST) image on 5.4 Augus ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 565 FIGURE 11 Schematic of a cometary nucleus illustrating the physical processes at work. (Cour ...

566 Encyclopedia of the Solar System through the coma) falls off asρ−^1 (ρis the projected dis- tance from the nucleus). The slo ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 567 Modeling the outflow of hydrogen (the lifetime of the H atoms is determined primarily by the ...

568 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 14 Comet Hale–Bopp on 17 March 1997 showing well-defined striae in the dust tail at ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 569 FIGURE 17 Images of comet Hale–Bopp in April 1997. The left-hand image records the fluoresce ...

570 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 19 The spectacular 1996 disconnection event in comet Hyakutake. The 24.82 March, 25. ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 571 charge exchange with a neutral molecule to produce an ionized molecule and a five-time ioniz ...

572 Encyclopedia of the Solar System TABLE 2 Measured and Observed Species in Comets Atoms + Molecules Ions H, C, O, S, Na, Fe, ...

Physics and Chemistry of Comets 573 years). They are perturbed and sent into the inner solar sys- tem by passing stars, passing ...

574 Encyclopedia of the Solar System FIGURE 23 Infrared Astronomical Satellitefalse-color image constructed from infrared scans ...

100-C 25-C 50-C 75-C C+M 50-C+M C+Y 50-C+Y M+Y 50-M+Y 100-M 25-M 50-M 75-M 100-Y 25-Y 50-Y 75-Y 100-K 25-K 25-19-19 50-K50-40-40 ...

576 Encyclopedia of the Solar System them, but we must discuss each of them separately. In Sec- tion 3, we describe the cometary ...

Comet Populations and Cometary Dynamics 577 systems would increase exponentially. In certain cases, such as if the orbit of a co ...

578 Encyclopedia of the Solar System A third difference between a planetary orbit and a cometary orbit arises because visible co ...

Comet Populations and Cometary Dynamics 579 FIGURE 3 The long-term dynamical evolution of a fictitious object initially at 20,00 ...