Encyclopedia of the Solar System 2nd ed

840 Encyclopedia of the Solar System excellent example of how the rise speed, gas content, and viscosity of a magma are critical ...

Planetary Volcanism 841 emergence of successive bubbles or slugs from a vent may range from seconds to at least minutes, making ...

842 Encyclopedia of the Solar System a given initial velocity. The result is that the largest clasts could travel up to 50 km. T ...

Planetary Volcanism 843 FIGURE 12 A Hawaii eruption from the Pu’u ‘O’o vent in Hawaii showing a convecting cloud of gas and smal ...

844 Encyclopedia of the Solar System as the products of extreme dispersal of the smallest, 30–100 micrometer-sized particles. Ne ...

Planetary Volcanism 845 FIGURE 15 The Plinian phase of the explosive eruption of Pinatubo volcano in 1991. A dense cloud of larg ...

846 Encyclopedia of the Solar System from normal, purely magmatic eruptions. When the equiva- lents of Strombolian or Hawaiian e ...

Planetary Volcanism 847 within it chills and comes to rest as its viscosity becomes extremely high, or the pressure within the r ...

848 Encyclopedia of the Solar System the plate tectonic processes distinguishing the Earth from its neighbors. Bibliography Catt ...

100-C 25-C 50-C 75-C C+M 50-C+M C+Y 50-C+Y M+Y 50-M+Y 100-M 25-M 50-M 75-M 100-Y 25-Y 50-Y 75-Y 100-K 25-K 25-19-19 50-K50-40-40 ...

850 Encyclopedia of the Solar System 2. What is Life? Our understanding of life as a phenomenon is currently based only on our s ...

Astrobiology 851 FIGURE 3 A phylogenetic tree showing the relatedness of all life on Earth. The last universal common ancestor i ...

852 Encyclopedia of the Solar System TABLE 2 Examples of Metabolic Pathways Heterotrophy Fermentation C 6 H 12 O 6 →2CO 2 +2C 2 ...

Astrobiology 853 2.2 Generalized Theories for Life There have been many attempts at a definition of life, and perhaps such a def ...

854 Encyclopedia of the Solar System while simultaneously causing changes to that environment. All of these records are palimpse ...

Astrobiology 855 the temperature does not fall anywhere below about 200◦C, which is the temperature required for heat sterilizat ...

856 Encyclopedia of the Solar System common ancestor are the thermophilic hydrogen metabo- lizing bacteria and perhaps the sulfu ...

Astrobiology 857 TABLE 5 Sources of Prebiotic Organics on Early Earth Organic Production Energy Dissipation (in a reducing atmos ...

858 Encyclopedia of the Solar System TABLE 7 Limits to Life Parameter Limit Note Lower Temperature ∼− 15 ◦C Liquid water Upper T ...

Astrobiology 859 6.2 Venus Venus currently has a surface that is clearly inhospitable to life. There is no liquid water on the s ...