646 Encyclopedia of the Solar System
FIGURE 7 Mars.XMM-Newton’s RGS images of Mars and its halo in the individual emission lines of ionized oxygen (top row), ionized
carbon (middle row), and fluorescence of CO 2 and N 2 molecules (bottom row). The images were corrected for exposure variations, were
binned into 2”×2” pixels and smoothed with a Gaussian function withσ=8”×8”. All are displayed at the same angular scale; the
dynamic scale, however, was individually adjusted. (From Dennerl et al., 2006,Astron. Astrophys., 451 , 709–722)