950 Index
Kuiper Belt (Cont.)
historical perspective, 589–590
interplanetary dust, 630
mass, 618
orbital dynamics, 591–592
properties, physical/orbital, 596–597
satellites, 369
scattered disks, 6
schematic, 573
small particle lifetime, 595
trans-Neptunian objects, 3
orbital/dynamical structure,
592–596
primordial sculpting, 600–602
size distribution/total mass, 597–598
Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs)
albedos, 606, 609, 610
binaries
mutual events, 617
origins, 617–619
system mass, 617
brightness
absolute/apparent magnitude, 608,
609
apparent magnitude, 609
luminosity function, 608
brightness variation
amplitude, 611
density, 613
porosity, 613
rotation period, 610–611
shape, 611–613
composition
spectroscopy, 615–617
surface color, 613–615
diameters, 608–610
discovery, 606
dynamical classes, 607–608
IAU Internet listing, 607
naming, 606–607
nonresonant/classical, 593
physical properties, 606
related bodies, Centaur objects, 606
rotation, 606, 610
surface composition, 606
telescopic discovery, 719
Küstner, Karl Friedrich, 62
L chondrites, 279
Labeled Release (LR) experiment, Mars, 860
Lafayette Martian meteorite, 253
Lagrangian satellites, in Saturnian
system, 379
landform types, Earth, 193–195
subaerial, 193–195
continental drainages, 194
terrestrial, 194
volcanic processes, 194
submarine, 192–193
landing site measurement instruments, 332
landscapes
Earth
constructive processes, 196–197
destructive geomorphic, 197–200
terrestrial v. planetary, 195
Laplace, Pierre, 60, 61, 70, 450
Galilean satellite orbital configuration
discovery, 420
solar system origination, 31
Laplace resonance, 420, 433
Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), 725,
727, 892
Large Zenith Telescope, 726
Larissa satellite, Neptune, 381
Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, 898
LASCO/C3 coronagraph (onSOHO),
106, 217
Lassell, William, 63, 484
Late Heavy Bombardment period, 298
Lazarev, Antarctic octahedrite, 270
Le Verrier, Urbain, 484
Le Verrier ring, Neptune, 509
Leibacher, J., 75
Leighton, R., 75
lenticulae, Europa, 438, 439–441
Leverrier, U.J.J., 4
Leviathan Patera, Triton, 490
Levison, H., 595
Lewis, J. S., 491
Lewis, John, 286
Lexell, Anders, 64
libration, Europa, 434
life
astrobiological potential
on asteroids, 866
on comets, 866
on Enceladus, 865
on Europa, 864–865
on giant planets, 864–865
on Titan, 865
on Earth, history of, 853–856
ecology of
liquid water, 851–852
foundations of, 850–853
amino acids, 850
DNA/RNA, 850
polysaccharides, 850
generalized theories, 853
interrelatedness of, 851
limits to, 857–858
metabolic pathways, 852
origin of, 856–857
search for, on
Mars/Europa/Enceladus,
866–867
in Solar System
Mars, 859–864
Mercury/Moon, 858–859Vikingbiology experiments, Mars,
859–861
lightcurves
of asteroids, 359
of HD 209458 star, 894
of NEOs, 292
of OGLE 2003-BLG-235/OA
2003-BLG-53 event, 898–899
photometric, of X-ray/EUV emission,
654
of Pluto, 544
lightning
atmospheric, 710
Venus atmosphere, 147
limb-darkening, Titan, 467
Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
(LINEAR) program, 290
Lindemann, F., 99
LINEAR comet, 563, 564
compositional differences, 571
false-color X-ray image, 570
splitting, HST/VLT images, 564
liquid flow, on Mars, 301, 307–308
lithophile element concentrations,
chondrites, 271
lithophiles, NEOs, 284
lithosphere
Earth, 155, 206–207
Mars. Tharsis bulge, 322
Mercury, 125
Little Ice Age, Europe, 224
Lockyear, Norman, 61
Long Duration Exposure Facility, impact
plates study, 627
low-frequency emissions
Jupiter, 713–715
decametric/hectometric, 713
kilometric, 713–714
low-noise telescopes, 721
Lowell, Percival, 61, 62
Lowell Observatory, 1, 605
Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object
Search (LONEOS), 290
Lunamissions, to Moon, 878, 879,
880–881
Lunar highland crust
Alkali suite, 244
breccias, 245
crustal terranes, 245–246
ferroan anorthosite, 242–243
KREEP basalt, 244–246
magma ocean, 245
Mg suite, 243–244
Lunar Orbitermissions, to Moon, 879
Lunar Prospectorgeochemical mapping
mission (Moon), 245
artist’s conception, 778
gamma ray/neutron data sets, 775,
778–782