A History of Mathematics- From Mesopotamia to Modernity

70 A History ofMathematics since Cicero’s time (first centurybce). Briefly, this is that the Romans in contrast to the Greeks ma ...

Greeks,Practical andTheoretical 71 which have been dismissed as trivial or non-mathematical and seeing if they do in fact belong ...

72 A History ofMathematics the imposition of European rule on Africa (Martin Bernal). Dzielska produces a convincing picture of ...

Greeks,Practical andTheoretical 73 context is remote and offers few opportunities for identifying role models. An assessment of ...

74 A History ofMathematics K E A Z D H B C L F Fig. 9Figure for Heron’s theorem, Appendix A. [This is the point at which we stop ...

Greeks,Practical andTheoretical 75 A G B N T P Q KX O L EM D FZR H S Y θ Fig. 10Picture for Appendix B. Earth at E, sun on circl ...

76 A History ofMathematics through Z lines NXO parallel to AG and PRS parallel to BD. Draw perpendicularTY fromto NXO and perp ...

Greeks,Practical andTheoretical 77 O C DB E A F Fig. 11The figure for Exercise 5; with BC=a,AC=b,AB=c, and the radius of the cir ...

4. Chinese mathematics 1. Introduction Fu Xi created the eight trigrams in remote antiquity to communicate the virtues of the go ...

ChineseMathematics 79 Clearly the first question is ‘easy’, the second slightly harder, although the original reader may not hav ...

80 A History ofMathematics 2. Sources The reader iscomparativelywell served by recent publications on Chinese mathematics. By th ...

ChineseMathematics 81 Dynasties From earlier than 1000bceuntil the revolution of 1912 which both ended the monarchy and brought ...

82 A History ofMathematics ‘scholar-gentry’ by examinations. According to Liu Hui (see later), mathematics was one of the six su ...

ChineseMathematics 83 which combines the theory of heavens and earth with a certain amount of trigonometry. Being a manual for a ...

84 A History ofMathematics difference, which is taken to be the lesser assumption. Then combine the excess and deficit to be the ...

ChineseMathematics 85 5. Counting rods—who needs them? It follows that the Hindu–Arabic numeral system originated from the rod n ...

86 A History ofMathematics 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Fig. 1Rod numbers. Fig. 260390 as a rod number As in our system, ...

ChineseMathematics 87 [i] [ii] [iii] [v] [vi] [vii] [iv] Fig. 3The stages in calculating 81×81 by rod numbers. constitutes an ‘i ...

88 A History ofMathematics favoured medium for writing numbers, and in this sense we could think of a two-stage ‘invention’ of t ...

ChineseMathematics 89 Here is the text of chapter 8, problem 1, together with the ‘Array Rule’ which solves it. Now given 3 bund ...