Arches Of The Aqua Julia In Rome, one of the aqueducts on which the city's water-supply depended. Built by Agrippa in 33 B.C. to supplement the Aqua
Claudia (312 BC), the Anio Vetus (272 BC), the Aqua Marcia (144-140 B.C.), and the Aqua Tepula (125 B.C.), it brought water from the Alban Hills
south-east of Rome and was part of a major enlargement and modernization of water services under Augustus.
There were occasional administrative improvements at Rome during the Republic; but simple coercion by their attendants, and jurisdiction thus enforced,
remained the magistrates' only executive agencies. By contrast, under Augustus and his immediate successors a still further worsening of the city's
problems prompted a connected series of institutional innovations. Some of the new expedients were of the highest importance to the government of the
Principate; moreover, the exercise of institutional change itself acted as a precedent for the later proliferation of new posts and offices. The Augustan