- The Arts Of Government (By Nicholas Purcell)
Fundamental is F. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (London, 1977), not only for the role of the
Emperor but for very many aspects of Roman government. For the city-state M. I. Finley, Politics in the
Ancient World (Cambridge, 1983) is suggestive and interesting though unreliable on Rome itself; on
citizenship A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship2 (Oxford, 1973) remains basic. For the Greek
world A. H. M. Jones, The Greek City (Oxford 1940), and for Italy W. Eck, Die staatliche Organisation
Italiens (Munich, 1979). On town statuses F. Abbott and A. C. Johnson, Municipal Administration in the
Roman Empire (Princeton, 1926) is still very useful. On the definition of provinces and imperium, A.
Lintott, Greece & Rome 28 (1981), 53 f For governors' assizes, G. Burton, JRS 65 (1975), 926. An
account of how the Empire worked which complements what is said here will be found in P. Garnsey
and R. P. Sailer, The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture (Duckworth, 1987), Ch. 2
'Government without bureaucracy'.
For the military angle R. MacMullen, Soldier and Civilian in the later Roman Empire (Harvard, 1963),
is crucial; and see now L. Keppie, The Making of the Roman Army (London, 1984), and J. B. Campbell,
The Emperor and the Roman Army (Oxford, 1984); on the Emperor's military planning F. Millar,
Britannia 13 (1982), if. For praefecti fabrum B. Dobson, Britain and Rome ed. B. Dobson and M. G.
Jarrett (Kendal, 1966) pp.61 f. Amateur commanders: J. B. Campbell, JRS 65 (1975), 11 f.
For slaves in the public service L. Halkin, Les esclaves publics chez les romains (Liege, 1897); for the
apparitores N. Purcell, PBSR 51 (1983), 125 f. On the imperial household A. M. Duff, Freedmen in the
Early Roman Empire (Oxford, 1926); P. R. C. Weaver, Familia Caesaris (Cambridge, 1972). The
quotation about the imperial civil service is from P. A. Brunt, JRS 65 (1975), 124 f., which establishes
that the administrators of Roman Egypt had no particular qualifications for the job. On equestrian
procurators H. G. Pflaum, Les procurateurs equestres (Paris, 1972) presents the results of a monumental
survey. For reasons for promotion see R. P. Sailer, Personal Patronage under the Early Empire
(Cambridge, 1982), chs. 2-3, making a very strong case against promotion for merit. For status, not
administrative function, as the way to understand the familia Caesaris G. Burton, JRS 67 (1977), 162 f.
The quotation about the tabellarii is from Weaver, cit.
On law, J. Crook, Law and Life of Rome (London, 1967); A. N. Sherwm-White, Roman Society and
Law in the New Testament (Oxford, 1963). For a detailed survey of imperial finance, P. A. Brunt, JRS
71 (1981), 161 f. The remark about the pig is quoted from N. de Lange, 'Jewish Attitudes to the Roman
Empire', in P. Garnsey and C. Whittaker, edd. Imperialism in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 1978), p.
- For the miseries of ancient provincial subjects R. MacMullen, Roman Social Relations (Yale,
1974). On benefaction and dependence, P. Veyne, Bread and Games (English edn. of Le Pain et le
cirque (Pans, 1976), in preparation).
Roman Egypt: a useful survey A. K. Bowman, Egypt after the Pharaohs (British museum publications,
1986). On documents and records E. Posner, Archives in the Ancient World (Cambridge, Mass., 1972).
For Rome's fostering of the elites of the empire G.E. M. de Ste. Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient