A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

952 Ch. 23 • Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union The New Economic Policy Lenin and the other Bolshevik leaders debated how ...

The Soviet Union 953 a religious woman who worked as hard as her husband drank. The young Stalin entered an Orthodox seminary in ...

954 Ch. 23 • Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin (left) with Joseph Stalin (right) in a photo doctored by S ...

THE ELUSIVE SEARCH FOR STABILITY IN THE 1920s In the preface to his novel The Magic Mountain (1924), Thomas Mann (1875—1955) wro ...

956 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s The Big Four deciding the future of Europe, 1919. Left to right: Vitt ...

The End of the War 957 Despite the idealistic belief of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson that the Great War had been the “war to en ...

958 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s Furthermore, demobilized soldiers, many of whom were anti-republican, ...

The End of the War 959 Karl Liebknecht addresses his supporters in January 1919, shortly before his assas­ sination. (Right) Lea ...

960 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s gathered for the Paris Peace Conference in the chateau of Versailles. ...

The End of the War 961 Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (1860-1952) came to Versailles assuming that his country would re ...

Map 24.1 Territorial Settlements After World War 1 Territories lost by Germany, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, and Russia as a resul ...

The End of the War 963 months, the British and French leaders wrestled with public pressure at home for a harsh peace, which the ...

964 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s Map 24.2 Areas Of French And German Disputes, 1920s Border areas, inc ...

The End of the War 965 Furthermore, Germany was to pay a huge sum—132 billion gold marks, the estimated cost of the war to the v ...

966 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s expenses far outweighed income, exports rapidly declined, and prices ...

The End of the War 967 and military supplies to support the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Civil War in Russia. Even among the vic ...

968 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s In Turkey, the Italian and Greek occupations generated a wave of nati ...

National and Ethnic Challenges 969 Empire, as the Treaty of Versailles did not concern itself with the nationali­ ties of Russia ...

970 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s divided between Germany and Poland after a plebiscite. But in parts o ...

National and Ethnic Challenges 971 The case of Czechoslovakia illustrates the complexity of the national question. In 1916, a Na ...