A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

406 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Company the right to take over the national debt. The South Sea Company had been f ...

Political Change in Great Britain 407 first great financial crash (and coincided with the bursting of smaller spec­ ulative “bub ...

408 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics minister, officer, bishop, general, or admiral. The cabinet and government officia ...

Political Change in Great Britain 409 cratic, aloof Scotsman John Stuart, the earl of Bute (1713-1792), as secre­ tary of state ...

410 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics “of responsible government/' specifically, the notion that ministers ought to be a ...

Challenges to Established Authority 411 went to the East Indies with good intentions,” the younger Walpole said, adding sarcasti ...

412 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics the government. In a parallel struggle on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, th ...

Challenges to Established Authority 413 chants and small manufacturers wealthy enough to be eligible to vote, Wilkes was reelect ...

414 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics disassociated themselves clearly from Wilkes, in part because of his rather unsavo ...

Challenges to Established Authority 415 sovereignty could not be challenged. Merchants, lawyers, and wealthy landowners, like th ...

416 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Paul Revere’s depiction of the Boston Massacre. ship a surplus of tea to the colon ...

Challenges to Established Authority 417 In his pamphlet Common Sense (1776), 100,000 copies of which circu­ lated in the colonie ...

418 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Benjamin Franklin was a favorite of the French, a relationship that was representa ...

Challenges to Established Authority 419 The British government looked to extend the empire further, ordering the systematic char ...

420 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics The increased centralization of the French state had in itself helped cre­ ate con ...

Challenges to Established Authority 421 Parlement of Paris won judicial authority over many ecclesiastical matters. But the self ...

422 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Chancellor Rene-Nicolas de Maupeou (left) and his supporter, Anne-Robert Turgot (r ...

Challenges to Established Authority 423 But like Louis XV’s attempts to override the traditional role of the par­ lements, Turgo ...

424 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics In Denmark, where the king had imposed absolute rule in 1660 by sup­ pressing the ...

Declining Power, Disappearing State: The Ottoman Empire and Poland 425 The Dutch (and, as we will see, French) mood seemed to be ...