A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

52 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance always took precedence. (“Better a city ruined,” said Cosimo de' Medici, “than lost.”) The condottier ...

The City-States of the Italian Peninsula 53 papacy amid distant echoes of past glories. The city-states were increas­ ingly free ...

54 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance A Florentine council in session. Seville, but not Venice and Naples, each of which then had at least ...

A Dynamic Culture 55 bloody insurrection in the hope of expanding the guild system already in power. The possibility of another ...

56 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance The Rediscovery of Classical Learning The Tuscan poet Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca, 1304-1374) was am ...

A Dynamic Culture 57 A humanist educator and his charges. focus from the scholastic curriculum—law, medicine, and theology—to th ...

58 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance philosopher, or humanist, was a wise man who could govern. Cicero had written that what made an indiv ...

A Dynamic Culture 59 institutions. Religious festivals dotted the calendar. The colorful Venetian water processions of elaborate ...

60 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance them and ask the motives of their actions, and they, in their humanity, reply to me. And for the spac ...

A Dynamic Culture 61 rentine painter at the age of twelve. Following acceptance into the masters guild in Florence, he remained ...

62 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance Overall, the Renaissance did not bring about any significant loosening in the restrictions placed on ...

Renaissance Art 63 tecture emphasized elegant simplicity, an expansion of the simple rustic fronts that had characterized mediev ...

64 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance Pope Leo X, here presented by Raphael with two cardi­ nals, brought artists and musicians to his cour ...

Renaissance Art 65 Masaccio's Adoration of the Magi (1426). Patrons of the arts often specified not only the subject of the work ...

66 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance Next in number—surprisingly—came the sons of nobles, perhaps reflect­ ing the relative decline in nob ...

Renaissance Art 67 Stories of Saint John the Evan­ gelist: Vision on the Island of PatmoSy fresco by Giotti, Peruzzi Chapel in t ...

68 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance that contrast with the powerful, stirring sub­ jects of the tempestuous Michelangelo. Reflect­ ing ne ...

Renaissance Art 69 Andrea Mantegna’s The Dead Christ (c. 1506), an example of Renaissance treatment of perspective. also contrib ...

70 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance To Leonardo, painting was the highest form of science, based on “what has passed through our senses.” ...

Renaissance Art 71 A section of Michelangelo's fresco, The Creation of Many on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the Vatican, s ...