A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

112 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations (Left) Henry VIII. (Right) Anne Boleyn. desired a male heir for the prestige of the dynasty but ...

The English Reformation 113 But More, a lawyer and a humanist, was a vigorous oppo­ nent of the reform movement. Although a la ...

114 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations with Rome, including twenty-five Anabaptists. In 1536, in the Church of England's first doctrin ...

The Catholic Reformation 115 Retreat to Dogmatism In 1536, Pope Paul III (pope 1534-1549) designated a commission to report on p ...

116 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations Loyola’s military-style leadership, the Jesuits, as the orders members became known, grew rapid ...

The Catholic Reformation 1 17 deaths of the faithful, which in recent times have provided historians with extraordinarily useful ...

118 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations Culture during the Two Reformations The Protestant Reformation began as a religious reaction ag ...

Culture during the Two Reformations 119 defend oneself in court, or how to make beer and wine), and everyday moral­ ity. Visual, ...

120 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations Pieter Brueghel the Elder’s Combat between Carnival and Lent (1559). Note the contrast between ...

Culture during the Two Reformations 121 poor. The Church tried to impose strict sexual mores on ordinary people, while encouragi ...

122 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations 1630, almost all women (in itself not surprising, as Church authorities and priests were all ma ...

Culture during the Two Reformations 123 Gianlorenzo Bernini s The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa (1645-1652). As in the Renaissance, i ...

124 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations The Legacy of the Two Reformations In 1600, more than half of Europe remained primarily Catholi ...

The Legacy of the Two Reformations 125 In an attempt to obtain religious adherence, some princes declared that church attendance ...

CHAPTER THE WARS OF RELIGION On May 23, 1618, a crowd of protesters carried a petition to Prague’s Hradcany Palace, where repres ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 127 not far behind the rivalry between Protestants and Catholics. In the Thirty ...

128 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion the resistance of the French clergy, established royal control over ecclesiastical appointments ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 129 purchasing power of the laborer declined dramatically, whereas that of land ...

130 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion division in the last half of the sixteenth century. Perhaps as many as 40 per­ cent of French n ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 131 between the two denominations failed utterly. Such attempts only infuri­ at ...