A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

132 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion young King Charles IX and his younger brother had no sons. There was no clear heir to the thron ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 133 The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572, in which more than 2,000 Huguen ...

134 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion behind the aged, ambitious Catholic Cardinal de Bourbon, who was next in line after Henry of Na ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 135 Henry 111 then switched partners, joining the duke of Guise against Henry o ...

136 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion Assassination of Henry, duke of Guise. less intimidated than they had anticipated. When the duk ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 137 Henry failed to take advantage of the situation his shrewd generalship had ...

138 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion Gradually Henry succeeded in putting the finances of the monarchy on a firmer footing. In 1596, ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 139 Map 4.1 Wars of Religion in France in the Sixteenth Century France at the t ...

140 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion Henry had a charismatic and somewhat contradictory personality. In con­ trast to the portraits ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 141 century Europe. His reign was an exercise in early modern European statemak ...

142 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion At the time of the Estates-General in 1789, an image of an impoverished, elderly peasant carryi ...

The Wars of Religion in Sixteenth-Century France 143 exploration of the St. Lawrence River in 1534. Samuel de Champlain founded ...

144 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion During Louis XIII’s reign, Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu (1 585-1642) expanded t ...

The Thirty Years’ War (I61H-164H) 145 own brother led a second plot against Richelieu from 1641 to 1642, backed by the king of S ...

146 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion southwestern German state of Swabia, for example, was divided among sixty-eight secular and for ...

The Thirty Years' War (J 618-1648) 147 Moreover, Rudolf’s cousin Archduke Ferdinand II (1578-1637) withdrew the religious tolera ...

148 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion to prevent Catholics from holding a procession. The following year, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria ...

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) 149 Map 4.2 The Thirty Years’War, 1618-1648 Protestant and Catholic armies clashed in battles ...

150 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion Protestant prince in Central Europe. In 1619, the Estates offered Freder­ ick the crown, and he ...

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) 151 and conquest of most of the Palatinate forced Frederick to abandon his claims to Bohemia’s ...