A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

272 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 Poland and Turkey, Peters wars brought territorial acquisitions at the expense of S ...

The Russian and Swedish Empires 273 Peter the Great trimming the long sleeves of the boyars, sym­ bolically reducing noble power ...

274 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 The bustling docks of Amsterdam and London had inspired Peters interest in building ...

The Russian and Swedish Empires 275 that Peter subordinated the church to his state. They also opposed Greek and Byzantine litur ...

276 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 In the meantime, Peter the Great pushed back the neighbors who had blocked Muscovy’ ...

The Russian and Swedish Empires 277 Petersburg offered a striking contrast to the chaos of tangled streets and shabby wooden bui ...

278 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 Map 7.4 Extension of France’s Frontiers under Louis XIV Louis XIV sough to expand h ...

The Russian and Swedish Empires 279 tions.” The Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), ending essentially a quarter of a century of host ...

280 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 clear that he favored the interests of his imposing grandfather. The Austrian Habsb ...

The Russian and Swedish Empires 281 France fought with Bavaria and Spain as allies. The English commander, the duke of Marlborou ...

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The Modern State 283 death (although they were rescued from the fire). On his deathbed, Louis confessed with uncharacteristic in ...

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Part Three New Cultural and Political Horizons During the late seventeenth century and the eighteenth century, Europe entered a ...

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In 1633, ecclesiastical authorities summoned the astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) to Rome to face the Inquis ...

288 Ch. 8 • The New Philosophy Of Science free of the bonds of tradition, these seventeenth-century thinkers devel­ oped the sci ...

Changing Views of the Universe 289 the study of nature to explain the mysterious ways of God. Church savants never raised the po ...

290 Ch. 8 • The New Philosophy Of Science scholars who studied such problems. Medieval scientists made lasting con­ tributions i ...

Changing Views of the Universe 291 he read medieval scientific and humanist texts. Also trained as a doctor and portrait painter ...