A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

392 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics of James III rose up in Scotland. Although by the Treaty of Utrecht the king of Fr ...

The Eighteenth-Century State System 393 When Charles VI died without a male heir, his twenty-three-year-old daughter Maria There ...

394 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Prussia never suffered the desperate periods of dearth that occurred in France. Wi ...

Conflicts between the Great Powers 395 to take advantage of the lone queen in a world of kings. Confident that the recent death ...

396 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Aristocratic officers safely above the carnage at the Battle of Fontenoy, 1745. co ...

Conflicts between the Great Powers 397 Map 11.1 The War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-1748 Major battles and territorial chan ...

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Conflicts between the Great Powers 399 and Russian expansion and was thus determined that Poland survive as an independent state ...

400 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics General Wolfe’s forces scale the heights of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec. Briti ...

Conflicts between the Great Powers 401 cliffs from the St. Lawrence River to surprise their enemy. British forces captured Fort ...

402 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Recruitment practices differed in the various European states. The Prus­ sian army ...

Conflicts between the Great Powers 403 before. The discipline and efficiency of troops in formation won or lost battles. Muskets ...

404 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics the use of lemon juice to counter scurvy, an illness caused by a vitamin C deficie ...

Political Change in Great Britain 405 which competing interests were struggling for primacy. Moreover, during the eighteenth cen ...

406 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics Company the right to take over the national debt. The South Sea Company had been f ...

Political Change in Great Britain 407 first great financial crash (and coincided with the bursting of smaller spec­ ulative “bub ...

408 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics minister, officer, bishop, general, or admiral. The cabinet and government officia ...

Political Change in Great Britain 409 cratic, aloof Scotsman John Stuart, the earl of Bute (1713-1792), as secre­ tary of state ...

410 Ch. 1 1 • Dynastic Rivalries and Politics “of responsible government/' specifically, the notion that ministers ought to be a ...

Challenges to Established Authority 411 went to the East Indies with good intentions,” the younger Walpole said, adding sarcasti ...