The Fall of Communism 1211

Map 29.2 The Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1995 The fall of the Commu­

nists in Yugoslavia led to the breakup of the Yugoslav federation and to civil war

between Croats, Serbs, and Bosnian Muslims. This map reflects the settlement

reached in the Dayton Peace Accords, signed in November 1995.

Serbs from their homes and drove them away or imprisoned them. Bosnian
Serb militias perpetuated atrocities against Bosnian Muslims, including
rapes and mass executions. They massacred 8,000 men and boys in fields
outside the town of Srebrenica. In the meantime, in predominantly Croat
parts of Bosnia, Croats also carried out brutal measures against Muslims,
some of whom reciprocated against Serbs and Croats.
Milosevic, presiding over what remained of Yugoslavia (now including

only Serbia and Montenegro), eliminated constitutional guarantees given by

the old Yugoslav republic to the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina (a region

of northern Serbia). Although Yugoslav armies withdrew, fearing interna­

tional intervention, Bosnian Serb forces, supplied by the Yugoslav army, sur­

rounded Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, lobbing mortar and cannon shells
from the heights above and killing civilians. In response to assistance given