A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

Index A-47

in Italy, 543, 774, 1124

mass* 773-76

in nineteenth century, 542-43

in Northern Renaissance, 84

of poor, 546

printing and, 119

in Prussia, 542, 775

in Russia, 543, 717, 775

in Spain, 543

in Sweden, 775

in Switzerland, 775

for women, 328, 337, 774-76

after World War II, 1124

see also universities

Education Act (Great Britain; 1870), 773

Edward I, king of England, 27

Edward III, king of England, 28

Edward VI, king of England, 181-82

Edward VII, king of England, 701

Egalite, Philippe, 596

Egypt, 474, 482, 616, 827, 827, 828, 831,

832,850,871,974,975, 1051, 1154,

1169,1171

in Suez Canal Crisis, 1164-67

in World War II, 1067, 1088

Eichmann, Adolf, 1119

Eighteenth Brumaire, coup d’etat of (1799),

474-75, 475, 482

Einstein, Albert, 757-58, 757, 1029, 1101

Eisenhower, Dwight:

as president, 1154, 1160

in World War II, 1085, 1089, 1095, 1097

Eisner, Kurt, 957, 983

El Alamein, Battle of (1942), 1088

electricity, 746-47, 753

El Greco, 203, 203

Eliot, T. S., 989

elites, in eighteenth century, 378-80

see also middle classes; nobles; specific

countries

Elizabeth, empress of Russia, 395, 399

Elizabeth I, queen of England, 114, 135,

179, 183-87, 183, 195-96, 209, 210,

211,212

embargoes, see blockades, embargoes

Emile (Rousseau), 325

Emperor Napoleon Crouming the Empress

Josephine in the Cathedral of Notre

Dame (David), 487

Ems Dispatch (1868), 731

Enabling Act (Germany; 1933), 1022

enclosure of common lands, 361, 36 i, 363,

381, 526

encomienda, 41

Encyclopedia (Diderot), 320-23, 32J, 322,

344

Enfantin, Prosper, 565

Enfranchisement of Women, The (Mill), 539

Engels, Friedrich, 556, 567, 718

Enghien, Louis de Bourbon/Conde, duke of,

486, 504

engineering, 763

England:

Act of Union, with Scotland, 390

agriculture in, 16, 187-88,217

American colonies of, 196-98

arts in, 122

Catholic Church in, 86, 87, 88, 111-12,

180-81, 210, 212, 215, 224, 226-28,

230, 309

Catholic-Protestant conflicts in, 180-82,

184-86, 208, 211-12, 226-28

centralized bureaucracy in, 176

cities and towns of, 6, 25; see also London

colonization by, see British Empire

common law in, 6

crime in, 192-94, 193, 383-84, 384

Dutch alliance with, 240, 279

in Dutch war of independence, 200

Dutch wars with, 223, 224, 225, 240

economic conditions in, 21, 179, 186-90,

192

as emerging state, 5, 18, 85

finances of, 46, 179, 186

financial institutions in, 372

Glorious Revolution in, 163, 208, 226-31,

240, 241, 310, 390, 404, 409, 410

guilds in, 6, 25, 191,215

under House of Tudor, 179-83

Huguenots in, 259

Ireland and, 178, 180-81, 186-87,216,

222-23, 390

Jews in, 224

land ownership in, 170, 188, 190, 217, 221

literature of, 193-95

manufacturing in, 191, 226, 379

middle classes in, 190-92, 209, 328, 355

military of, 248, 248

monarchy of, 25-28, 186-87, 206, 208,

209-10, 224-25,227-28

nobles and gentry in, 179, 181, 186, 188,

190, 191, 212, 213-14, 230-31, 247

overseas trade of, 73, 167, 168, 169-70,

189-90, 195-98, 209, 225, 388

Peasant Revolt in (1381), 12, 88

peasants in, 191, 349

population growth in, 187-88, 192

poverty in, 192-93, 381

printing in, 34

Reformation in, 81, 111-14, 124, 180-86,

187, 206, 210, 212

religious freedom in, 220, 224, 228, 230