A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

Index A-93

disintegration of, 586

expansion of, 175-77

explorations and conquests of, 1, 35-42,

40, 73, 173-77

in nineteenth and twentieth centuries,

821-22, 824, 826, 839,859

Spanish Inquisition, 111, 173, 208, 212,

339, 503

Spartacists (Germany), 958

SPD, see Social Democratic Party, in Germany

Speenhamland system (Great Britain), 383,

559

Speer, Albert, 1088, 1096

Spencer, Herbert, 843

Spengler, Oswald, 1012-13

Spinoza, Baruch, 158, 301-2

Spirit of Revolt, The (Kropotkin), 794

Spirit of the Laws, The (Montesquieu), 313,

318, 329, 343

sports and games, 218, 779-81

Sputnik, 1155

Srebenica, 1211, 1211

Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 847, 855, 1163

S.S. (Schutzstaffel; Nazi Germany), 1023,

1025, 1030, 1085

Stael, Germaine de, 511

Stakhanov, Andrei, 1038

Stalin, Joseph (Joseph Dzhugashvili), 928, 954,

992, 993, 1003, 1010, 1025, 1035-42,

1045, 1057, 1148, 1149, 1154, 1157

death of, 1152

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and, 1057, 1059

post-World War II settlement and, 1111,

111], 1112, 1114, 1115

purges of, 1040-42, 1040, 1110, 1133,

1135

rise of, 952-54

in World War II, 1059, 1066, 1068, 1086,

1088, 1090, 1094-95, 1097,

1098-99, 1098, 1101

Stalingrad, Battle of (1942-1943), 1086,

1091, 1092

Stamboliski, Alexander, 972

Stampa, La (Milan), 1 144

Stamp Act (Great Britain; 1765), 415

Stanley, Henry, 819, 828, 855

“Star Wars” missile defense (Strategic De­

fense Initiative), 1195

statecraft, enlightened, 342-43

states, sovereign:

balance of power and, 261-62

Catholic Church’s relationship with, 6-7

developing structures of, 29

in eighteenth century, 386-94

emergence of, 12, 25-28, 26, 85

limits to authority of, 29-31

in medieval period, 18-19

modern state and, 283

science and, 308-10

in Tudor England, 186-87

see also monarchies; nationalism

Stauffenberg, Klaus von, 1085

Stavisky, Serge, 1018

steamboats, 519, 523, 523, 742, 845

steam engine, 369, 369

steel industry, 531, 744, 745, 745, 751, 75/

Steen, Jan, 239

Stein, Baron Heinrich Karl vom und zum,

503

Stein, Gertrude, 989

Still Life with Herring (Steen), 239

stock market crash (1929), 955

Stockton and Darlington Railway, 521

Stolypin, Peter, 724-25

Stories of Saint John the Evangelist: Vision on

the Island of Patmos (Giotti), 67

storytellers, 17

Strachey, Lytton, 912

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, earl of, 213,

216

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) I,

1159

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) II,

1160

Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”),

1195

Stravinsky, Igor, 81 1

Stresa front, 1033, 1034

Stresemann, Gustav, 985-86, 1014

strikes, 382, 701-2, 704, 741, 788, 795-96

against communism, 1191-92, 1202

in inter-war period, 951,980, 983,

987-88, 988, 1006, 1017, 1019, 1023

Russian Revolutions and, 721-22, 931,

932

by students, 1179-80

in World War 1, 899, 911, 918, 921

String Quartet No. 2 (Schonberg), 813

Struensee, Johann, 424

Stuart, Charles Edward (Bonnie Prince

Charlie), 392

Sturm und Drang movement, 582

Styria, 338

Suarez, Adolfo, 1186

Subjection of Women, The (Mill), 539

submarines, 1010, 1088, 1100

in World War 1, 897, 904, 912, 913, 914,

915, 922, 964

see also U-boats

suburbs, 759, 770