A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present
A-98 Index
United States (continued)
in World War 1, 863, 896, 914-16, 915,
919, 921-22, 923, 926, 936, 948
World War 1 debts to, 984, 986, 995
in World War II, 1049, 1065, 1066, 1068,
1069, 1070-73, 1072, 1084-85
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(1948), 1114, 1238
universities, 24, 35, 59, 79, 309, 329, 353,
391, 538, 543, 544, 688, 775-76, 776
German liberalism at, 588-89, 604-5
liberalism in, 581, 592
in Napoleonic France, 495
1960s protests at, 1178-80
reformed, 99
science at, 292, 304, 306, 308
in unified Germany, 749
after World War II, 1124
Upper Palatinate, 146, 150, 152, 158,210
Upper Silesia, 969, 1030
Urban VI, pope, 86-87
Urban VIII, pope, 287
Urbino, 52
Ursulines, 117
Ustasa Party (Croatia), 1016, 1083
usury, interest, 46, 109
utilitarianism, 336, 581
Utopia (More), 84, 188
utopian socialism, 562, 563-66
Utraquists, 89, 105
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 281, 282, 391, 392
Uzbekistan, 951, 1208
vaccinations, 366, 516
Valencia, 172, 173
Valery, Paul, 989
Valmy, Battle of (1792), 492
vassals, 11-12, 12
Vauban, Sebastien le Prestre de, 256
Velazquez, Diego de, 205
“velvet revolution,” in Czechoslovakia (1989),
1177, 1201-3
Vendee rebellion (1793), 464
venereal disease, 40, 554
Venetia, 575, 577, 613, 624, 626, 630, 638,
642, 650, 654, 655, 656, 666
Italian unification and, 657, 674
Venezuela, 587, 871
Venice, 24, 29, 43, 46-47, 47, 48, 50-52,
53, 55, 56, 59, 73-74, 75, 76, 78,
276, 481, 575
decline of, 167
financial institutions in, 3, 21
Jewish ghetto in, 16
Turks’ conflict with, 9, 178, 426
Verdun, 158
Verdun, Battle of (1916), 906, 909
Vermeer, Jan, 238
Verne, Jules, 801
Verona conference (1822), 588
Versailles, 731, 732, 734
Versailles, Treaty of (1783), 418
Versailles, Treaty of (1919), 955, 956-58,
959-67, 968-70, 1004, 1026,
1030-31, 1033, 1034, 1066, 1075,
1160
Nazi Germany and, 1004, 1026, 1030-31,
1033, 1034, 1052, 1053, 1056
reparations in, 960-61, 963-67, 984
Versailles palace, 251, 257-58, 257, 260
Versailles Settlements (1919-1920), 967-68
Vervins, Treaty of (1598), 137
Vesalius, Andreas, 293
Vichy France, 1081-82, 1081, 1082-84, 1089
Victor Emmanuel II, king of Piedmont
Sardinia (king of Italy), 636, 650-57,
657,652-57, 658
Victor Emmanuel III, king of Italy, 659, 672,
1007-8, 1050, 1093, 1129
Victoria, queen of England, 684, 686-88,
693, 694, 695, 698, 699, 701, 759,
796, 836, 853, 865, 874
Vienna, 491, 534, 544, 622, 631, 633,
675-76, 676, 770, 875, 982, 1012,^1017
art in, 815
Ottoman siege of (1683), 264, 427
Vienna, Congress of (1815), 434, 569-76,
570, 585-86, 602, 654
and Concert of Europe, 434, 575, 576
Congress system developed at, 573-75
Vienna, Peace of (1606), 147
Vienna, Treaty of (1864), 666
Viet Minh, 1167,1168
Vietnam, 820, 839, 850, 851
independence effort in, 1167, 1168
Versailles Treaty and, 972
Vietnam War, 1156-57, 1159, 1178, 1179
Vikings, 5
Villa, Pancho, 919
Villafranca, Treaty of (1859), 655, 656
villages, 10-11, 357, 359
see also peasants
Vincent de Paul, 117
Vindication of the Rights of Women (Woll
stonecraft), 458, 459
Virgil, 58, 289, 289
Virginia, 196, 197, 225
Virginia Company, 196
Vojvodina, 675
Voltaire (Francis-Marie Arouet), 262, 313,
315, 316, 317, 317, 319-20, 321,
