A Concise History of the Middle East

Glossary • 483 Kurdistan: Autonomous state projected by Treaty of Sèvres (1920) and still de¬ sired by many Kurdish nationalists ...

484 • Glossary mandate: (1) Commission given by the League of Nations to a Western power to prepare a former territory of German ...

Glossary • 485 Midhat (mit-HOT): Ottoman liberal reformer (d. 1884) millet (mil-LET): Ottoman political-social community based o ...

486 • Glossary Mughal: See Timurid dynasty Muhammad (moo-HOM-mad): Arab religious leader, born in Mecca and founder of the Islam ...

Glossary • 487 National (Liberation) Front: Aden's successful independence movement in 1967 National Pact: 1943 power-sharing ag ...

488 • Glossary Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): A group formed in 1960 to maintain a minimum price for oil ...

Glossary • 489 Partition Plan for Palestine: Proposed division of the Palestine mandate into Jew¬ ish and Arab states, approved ...

490 • Glossary Qajar dynasty (GHAW-jar): Family of Turkic origin ruling Persia (1794-1925) qanat (kah-NAWT in Arabic or ghaw-NAW ...

Glossary • 491 Reza Shah Pahlavi (REH-za shah pah-luh-VEE): Iran's ruler (1925-941) Rhodes: Mediterranean island; site of the 19 ...

492 • Glossary Samarra (sa-MAR-ra): City in northern Iraq; Abbasid capital (836-889) al-Samu' (es-sa-MOO-ah): Arab village subje ...

Glossary • 493 Sèvres, Treaty of (SEVR): Abortive treaty imposed by the World War I Allies on the Ottoman Empire in 1920; later ...

494 • Glossary sipahi (se-PAW-hee): Ottoman horse soldier supported by a timar Skanderbeg: Fifteenth century Albanian military l ...

Glossary • 495 terrorism: Threat or use of violence by individuals, groups, or governments, to shock or intimidate a group large ...

496 • Glossary Umar II: Umayyad caliph (717-720) who reduced discrimination against non- Arab converts to Islam Umayyad dynasty ...

Glossary • 497 West Bank: Area of Arab Palestine annexed by Jordan in 1948 and captured by Israel in 1967, called "Judea and Sam ...

498 • Glossary Zoroastrianism: Pre-Islamic Persian religion popularized in the sixth century B.C.E. by Zoroaster, preaching the ...

Bibliographic Essay As we have written this work to introduce the history of the Middle East to college students primarily and t ...

500 ••• Bibliographie Essay Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Middle East and North Africa (Cambridge: Cam¬ bridge University Press, ...

Bibliographie Essay ••• 501 Prentice-Hall, 2002). For ethnographic data, beginners may refer to Joyce Moss and George Wilson, Pe ...

502 ••• Bibliographie Essay is an engaging book on domesticating the camel. Translations of early Ara¬ bic poetry, traditionall ...