A Concise History of the Middle East

366 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE can regain their political and economic strength, but not a true reconcilia¬ tion with the ...

NINETEEN The Reassertion of Islamic Power By 1979, a crucial year in Middle East history, the outlook for peace seemed about as ...

368 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER "for an extended vacation," and the ayatollah came home to a tumultuous welcome. Soldi ...

Prefatory Remarks on Islam and Politics ••• 369 militant terrorists. No Westerner living in Lebanon was safe from kidnap¬ pers, ...

370 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER may not take control. Lands not under Muslim rule are called Dar al- Harb, or the "hou ...

The Iranian Revolution ••• 371 ruler's authority was legitimate, save that of the missing twelfth imam. Un¬ til this imam return ...

372 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER role in US efforts to contain Soviet expansionism. When the Baghdad Pact (later rename ...

The Iranian Revolution • 373 Imagine the revolutionary potential of a growing army of unemployed (or underemployed) intellectual ...

374 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER alienated to come home. Despite their protests against the shah, many stu¬ dents got f ...

The Iranian Revolution ••• 375 Sayyid Ruhollah Musaui Khomeini A yatollah Khomeini (1902-1989), leader of the 1979 Iranian revol ...

376 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER almost shut down Iran's oil industry. Foreign companies and customers, remembering the ...

The Iranian Revolution ••• 377 rewritten, political prisons emptied (soon they would be refilled), and agents of the old regime ...

378 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER back to Iran for trial and apologize for its role in his crimes and human rights abuse ...

The Struggle for Persian Gulf Supremacy ••• 379 of its luster (and power) when the US attempt to rescue the hostages failed in A ...

380 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER Dezful sr—v Shustar IRAN Ahwaz IRAQ Basrah^0:horramshahr KUWAIT Kuwait Khœgb. .Shiraz ...

The Struggle for Persian Gulf Supremacy ••• 381 in Iraq, feared revolutions like the one that convulsed Iran but did not want to ...

382 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER Broadly speaking, the Gulf states realized that their own security de¬ pended on never ...

The Struggle for Persian Gulf Supremacy • 383 and help their Iraqi liberators. Iran, by the same logic, hoped to weaken Iraq by ...

384 • 19 THE REASSERTION OF ISLAMIC POWER shipping oil through the Gulf, and to weaken the economies of all oil- exporting state ...

The Retreat from Camp David • 385 teachers, doctors, engineers, skilled workers, and peasants who had jobs in their countries an ...