A Concise History of the Middle East

436 • 21 THE WAR ON TERRORISM

Syria

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Turkey

I Tigris

Al Mawsi?

Kirkuk

Tikritt

Samarra'*

Fallujah I

Ar-Ramadi

As-SulaymaniyàR

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Baghdad '\

Iran

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As-Samawah

An-Nasiriyah

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Saudi Arabia

MAP 21.1 Iraq

promote Israel's power and security. The Americans expected a brief war.
An exiled Iraqi who led the US-backed Iraqi National Congress, Ahmad
Chalabi, convinced US politicians that American invaders would be
greeted as liberators and that he could even broker a peace between Iraq
and Israel. The Bush administration believed that it would be a popular
war that would ensure its reelection in 2004.