A Concise History of the Middle East

Bibliographie Essay ••• 503

Hall, 1996). Among the latter, see Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, What's Right with
Islam: A New Vision for Muslims and the West (San Francisco: Harper, 2004);
Seyyed Hossein Nasr, The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity (New
York: HarperCollins, 2004); and Fazlur Rahman, Islam, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Uni¬
versity of Chicago Press, 1979). Many books on Islam seem to slight Shi'ism, but
Moojan Momen's An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of
Twelver Shi'ism (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1985) redresses
the balance, together with Roy Mottahedeh's The Mantle of the Prophet (New
York: Simon & Schuster, 1985). The pilgrimage rites are described in Ali Shari'ati,
Hajj, 2nd éd., trans. Ali A. Behzadnia and Najla Denny (Houston: Free Islamic
Literatures, 1978); David E. Long, A Survey of the Contemporary Makkah Pilgrim¬
age (Albany: SUNY Press, 1979); Ian R. Netton, éd., Golden Roads: Migration, Pil¬
grimage, and Travel in Mediaeval and Modern Islam (Richmond, UK: Curzon
Press, 1993); and F. E. Peters, The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the
Holy Places (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994). Fordham University's
Web site, "Click2Religion," includes in its section on Islam historical narratives,
excerpts from primary sources in translation, maps, illustrations, and sources. One
link explains the distinction between primary and secondary sources. A Muslim
Web site, "Introducing Islam" includes historical information, the five pillars,
Quran, hadith, and various issues: http://www.islamonline.net/English/introducingislam/
index.shtml.

CHAPTER 5

On the early caliphs, see Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad (New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), then C. E. Bosworth, The Arabs, Byzan¬
tium and Iran (Aldershot, UK: Variorum Reprints, 1996); and Martin Hinds,
Studies in Early Islamic History (Princeton: Darwin Press, 1996). Short and read¬
able biographies of Umar and Mu'awiya (and other early "greats") can be read in
Philip Hitti, Makers of Arab History (New York: Harper & Row, 1968). On the
early conquests, an introductory history in English is Sir John Bagot Glubb, The
Great Arab Conquests (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1963; Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1964), which should be supplemented by Fred Donner's The Early
Islamic Conquests (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980). Any student con¬
templating writing a seminar paper or a thesis for a graduate degree in the history
of this period or of those covered in Chapters 6-7, should read carefully
R. Stephen Humphreys, Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1991), as it defines major historical issues and evalu¬
ates the work done so far by Muslim and non-Muslim scholars. The Muslim Stu¬
dent Association's Web site contains biographies of the Rashidun caliphs: www
.usc.edu/dept/MSA/politics/firstfourcaliphs.html.