Bibliographie Essay ••• 511many reprints). It has been corrected in some details by Sylvia Kedourie's intro¬
duction to Arab Nationalism: An Anthology (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1976). See also Youssef M. Choueiri, Arab Nationalism: A History (Oxford,
UK, and Maiden, MA: Blackwell, 2000); David Dean Commins, Islamic Reform:
Politics and Social Change in Late Ottoman Syria (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1990); Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939 (Cam¬
bridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983); James Jankowski, éd., Rethinking Na¬
tionalism in the Arab Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997);
Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the
Ottoman Empire, 1908-1918 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997);
Rashid Khalidi et al., eds., The Origins of Arab Nationalism (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1991); Philip S. Khoury, Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism in
the Politics of Damascus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); and
Zeine N. Zeine, Emergence of Arab Nationalism (Beirut: Khayat's, 1966). On mod¬
ern Arab history, see also http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts, which draws heavily on
Lapidus (cited above).
Anglo-Arab relations during World War I have been analyzed by Elie Kedourie
in England and the Middle East, 1914-1921 (London: Bowes and Bowes, 1956),
The Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Studies (London: Weiden-
feld & Nicolson, 1970), and In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth (London, New York, and
Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1976). As a balance to Kedourie's an¬
tipathy toward Arab nationalism, read C. Ernest Dawn, From Ottomanism to
Arabism (Urbana, Chicago, and London: University of Illinois Press, 1973);
Rashid Khalidi, British Policy Toward Syria and Palestine (London: Ithaca Press,
1980); and A. L. Tibawi, Anglo-Arab Relations and the Question of Palestine
(London: Luzac, 1977). Closer to Kedourie's view is volume 1 of Isaiah Fried¬
man's Palestine: A Twice-Promised Land? (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Pub¬
lishers, 2000).
On Middle East diplomacy during and after World War I, see Briton Cooper
Busch, Britain, India, and the Arabs, 1914-1921 (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1971); David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: Creating the Modern Mid¬
dle East (New York: Henry Holt, 1989; reprint 2000); Elizabeth Monroe, Britain's
Moment in the Middle East, 1914-1971, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Uni¬
versity Press, 1981); and Howard M. Sachar, Emergence of the Middle East,
1914-1924 (New York: Knopf, 1969).
On Iraq under the British, see Reeva Simon, Iraq Between the Two World Wars:
The Creation and Implementation of a Nationalist Ideology (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1986); and Peter Sluglett, Britain in Iraq, 1914-1932 (London:
Ithaca Press, 1976). On Syria, see Philip S. Khoury, Syria and the French Mandate:
The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920-1945 (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1986). To compare both countries, read Eliezer Tauber, The Formation of
Modern Syria and Iraq (London: Frank Cass, 1995).