A Concise History of the Middle East

536 • Index

Balfour, Lord, 216
Balkan, nationalism of, 162,164,176,
197,208
Balkan Wars, 163
Balkans, 129,130,141,162
Baluchistan, 74
Bandung Conference, 305
Bani Murrah, 243
Barak, Ehud, 414,416,439
Barmakids, 81,82, 93
al-Barudi, Mahmud Sami, 190
Basra, 58, 59,61, 80, 209,212
Bast, 200
Bath Parth, 301
Baybars, 131
Bayezid (sultan), 141,143
Bayezid II (sultan), 139,144
Bayt al-Hikma, 82, 83,119
Bazargan, Mehdi, 376, 377
Bedouin, 18,21,24,246
poetry of, 24
Begin, Menachem, 281, 292, 325, 344, 346,
362, 363,364, 365,384, 385, 389, 391
Sadat and, 358, 362-365

Beirut, 206, 207, 208,212,218,282, 300,

357, 359, 360, 361, 388,389, 390,
391,392,408,409
BektashiSufi, 148,176
Belgrade, 146
Ben-Gurion, David, 285, 307, 308, 309, 310,
326,346
Berbers, 74, 87,107,115
Berlin Treaty, 163,164
Bernadotte, Folke, 294, 295
Berri, Nabih, 393
Bilal, 32
Biltmore Program, 286
BILU, 274
Bin Laden, Osama, 410,420,427,
431,434
Black Death, 134
Black Sea, 8,132,161,164
Black Sheep Turcomans, 137,152,153
Black Stone, 48
Blair, Tony, 430
Bolsheviks, Russia revolution and, 223

Bosnia, 164,197

Bosporus, 7, 8,141,143, 159,161, 231

BP. See Iraq Petroleum Company

Bridging Document, 440

Britain, 151,163,164-165. See also Balfour

Declaration; Navies

Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and, 260

Arabs and, 214

Egypt and, 166-167, 191,192, 193,

251-257,264,265,306

Emirate of Transjordan and, 280

Iran and, 239, 241

Iraq and, 213,219, 303

Jordan and, 299

Middle East and, 164-165

Ottoman Empire and, 164-165, 180

Palestine and, 277-281,293

Persia and, 181,236-237

Russia and, 165

Saudi Arabia and, 245

Suez Canal and, 21, 166, 189,191,

192,267

Turkey and, 228

British Petroleum (BP), 245

Brookings Institute, 361

Buddhism, 95,135

Bukhara, 74

Bulgaria, 141,162,195,197,229

Bunche, Ralph, 294,295

Bursa, 141, 144

Bush, George Herbert Walker, 401,405,408

Bush, George W, 420,424,426,430,432,

434,435,436,437,438,440,441,

444,445

Buyid dynasty, 85, 88,90,93-94

Byzantine Empire, 19,22map, 64, 75, 83,

98,140. See also Seljuk Empire

intolerance of, 21

Sasanid dynasty and, 56

Sasanid Empire and, 26

taxes of, 20

Byzantine-Sasanid wars, 26

Byzantium, 17

Cairo, 85, 88,91,104,130

Radio Cairo of, 316