Index • 541Guns, Sails, and Empires (Cipolla), 138
Gurganj, 102Habib, Philip, 389, 391
Habsburg Austria, 130,157,158,162,
163,164
Haddad, Sa d, 388
Hadith, 109,110, 111
Hadiths, 39, 72
Hafiz, 136
Hagar, 23,48
Hajj, 33, 34,41,48, 80,131
Hajjaj, 73
al-Hakim, (caliph), 91, 93
Hama,212
Hamas, 407,408,410,411,413,414,416,
443,444
Hamdanids, 94
Hammurabi, 27
Hanafirite, 110, 111
Hanbali rite, 111, 125, 170,242
Hanifs,31
Happiness, spiritual, 120
Har Homa, 414
Harawi, Ilyas, 409
Harems, 82,116,132,150,152,158
Harun al-Rashid (caliph), 77, 80, 81,
85, 122
al-Hasa, 243, 245
Hasan, 61,62,64
Hashimites, 29, 30, 32, 61, 76, 89
boycott of, 34
Egypt and, 304
Shi'i imams of, 68/
in Syria, 301
Haskala, 273, 274
Hatt-i-Humayun, 180
Hatt-i-Sherif, 178
Heaven, 14,45,46,74,123
Hebrews, 5,23,269,272. See also Jews
Hebron, 274, 283,295, 334,411,413,
414,441
Heine, Heinrich, 273
Hellenism. See Greek
Heraclius, 56
Herders, 8, 11,149
Herzegovina, 164
Herzl, Theodor, 275, 276
Hess, Moses, 274
High Caliphate, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82,
84,85,151,204,242,326
Hijacking, 269,342, 393,420.
See also Kidnappings
Hijaz, 23,26,41, 91,210,211, 219, 243,244
independence of, 218
Hijra, 34-35, 36, 37, 39,61,124
Hindus, 96,120
Hira, 25
Hisham (caliph), 76, 89
Histadrut,281,307,309
History
civilizations in, 4
definition of, 2
as discipline, 2-3,121
Islamic, 4, 5
ownership of, 2
trends in, 2
units of, 4
Hitler, Adolf, 129,163,201,241, 278,280,
284, 286, 304, 307, 310, 312, 334
Hizballah, 393,407,408,409,410,416,423,
425,443
Hodgson, Marshall, 71
Holland, 130,151, 154
Holocaust, 282,294, 306, 307, 308,
363,446
Holy Sepulcher, 98, 99
Homosexuality, 50,117
Horns, 212
Horses, 8, 37, 55, 84, 95, 97, 246
al-Hoss, Salim, 408
House of Wisdom. See Bayt al-Hikma
Houses
construction material of, 119
costs of, 385
Hudaybiya, 40
Hulegu, 129
Hulegu Khan, 102-104
Human rights, 234,241, 249, 351, 374, 375,
378,398,419,422,433,435
Hunayn ibn Ishaq, 120
Hungary, 143, 160