182 Index
Red Army, 126–28, 131. See also People’s
Liberation Army
Red Guards, 142–44
Red Turban movement, 85–86
Reforms, 47–48, 110–11, 112–13; of Deng
Xiaoping, 146, 148; Ming dynasty,
94–95; Qing dynasty, 97, 99, 108; of
Wang Anshi, 69–70, 73
Revolts.See Rebellion and revolt
Rice cultivation, 1, xiv–xv, 38–39, 70, 75–76
Roads and highways, 22
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, 37,
92, 127
Roman Empire, 36
Romantic love, 147
Ruan Ji, 41
Ruizong Emperor (Tang), 59
Russian revolution, 119–20. See also Soviet
Union
Sacrifi ce. See Human sacrifi ce
Sage-kings, 2, 100
Scholar-offi cials, 18, 29, 40, 41; courtesans
and, 93, 94; Han dynasty, 31; Manchu
rule and, 97, 98, 100; Ming dynasty,
86–87, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95; purge of, 35,
87, 95; rivalry with palace eunuchs, 90,
95; Song dynasty, 6, 70, 73, 75, 80; Yuan
dynasty, 83. See also Bureaucracy
Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, 40–41
Shang, Lord, 20
Shang dynasty, 2–9; bronze technology of,
xi, 3, 4, 5, 8; oracle bones, 3, 6, 8, 10;
writing in, 7–8
Shanghai, 121, 142, 151
Shenzong Emperor (Song), 69, 70
Shi Huangdi, Emperor of Qin, 21, 22–23,
24
Shizu Emperor (Yuan), 81. See also Khubilai
Khan.
Shu Han dynasty, 37
Shun, “sage-king,” 2
Silk production, 39
Silk Roads, 66; Central Asia and, 28–29,
31, 53, 55, 56, 61, 66
Silver, as medium of exchange, 90–91, 94,
95; opium trade and, 102, 103
Sima Qian, 18, 29–30, 31, 33
Sino-Indian trade. See Indian trade
Slaves, sacrifi ce of, 6–7
Social hierarchy, 38, 50, 54, 120; Bronze
Age, 8, 10; Confucianism and, 13–14, 31;
Han dynasty, 30–31. See also Aristocracy
Song dynasty, 67–82; economy of, 75–78,
79; iron industry in, 76–78, 82; Mongol
threat to, 80–81; Neo-Confucianism in,
73; nomadic groups and, 68; scholar-
offi cials of, 68, 70, 71, 73, 80; Southern
Song, 71, 78, 79, 81, 84Song Huizong Emperor, 70–71
Song Jiaoren, 115, 116
Song Taizu Emperor, 67, 68
Son of Heaven, emperor as, 83, 86, 102. See
also Mandate of Heaven; specifi c emperor
Soong, T. V., 123
Soong family, 122–23
Soong Meiling, 122–23
Southeast Asia, 62, 78, 91
Southern Song dynasty, 71, 78, 79, 81–82,
84
Soviet Union, 133, 136, 139, 140, 144
Spain, 91, 102, 109–10
Spice trade, 61
The Spring and Autumn Annals, 11
Stalin, Joseph, 122, 138, 140
Standardization, by Qin empire, 22
Stilwell, George, 133
Stirrups, for horses, 37, 80
The Story of the Stone (Cao Xueqin),
100–101
Student protests, in Beijing, 117–18, 148,
149–50
Su Dongpo (Su Shi), 70, 73
Suffering(dukkha), 42
Sui, Duke of, 50
Sui dynasty, 48, 49, 50–51, 53
Sui Wendi Emperor, 49, 51, 53
Sun Quan, 37
Sun Yat-sen, 113–15, 116, 119, 120, 121
Sunzi, 16; The Art of War, 12, 127
Suzong, Emperor (Tang), 61
Taiping Rebellion, 106–7
Taiwan, 40, 91, 97, 108; Nationalists in,
134, 136, 153
Tang dynasty, 52–66; art of, 64; Buddhism
in, 45, 46, 54–57, 65; legal code, 54;
philosopher-kings of, 59; poetry of,
63–64; powerful women in, 57–59, 75;
rebellions ending, 59–61, 62, 67
Tang Gaozong, Emperor, 57, 58
Tang Taizong, Emperor, 53–54, 57
Tanguts, 68–69
Tan Sitong, 110
Tantric Buddhism, 43
Tarim Basin, 9
Tawney, R. H., 126
Taxation, 20, 45, 48, 69, 123; Ming era
reform, 94–95; Qing era reform, 97, 99;
Song dynasty, 75; Sui dynasty, 51, 52;
Tang dynasty, 54, 61
Tea trade, 62, 103
Temuchin (Genghis Khan), 79–80
Theravada Buddhism, 42–43, 44
Three Hundred Tang Poems, 63
Three Kingdoms era, 37–38
Tiananmen Square demonstrations, 144,
149–50