Index 183
Tiantai Buddhism, 56
Tibet, 61, 97, 99; Buddhism in, 81, 141,
152
Tombs: Bronze Age, 5, 6, 7; Caucasian
mummies, 8–9; Han elite, 32–33; Qin
emperor, 22–23; Tang era, 64
Tongzhi Emperor (Qing), 108, 109
Trade, 39, 48, 91, 109; extraterritoriality,
105, 111, 124; opium, 103–5, 106, 107,
111; Song economy and, 75, 78; tea, 62,
103.See also India trade; Merchants; Silk
Roads
Treaty ports, 105, 107
Truman administration, 137, 138
Tuoba (Xianbei), 45, 46, 55
Turks, 53
United Nations, Korean War and, 136
United States, 123, 133, 134, 141, 153–54;
Chiang Kai-shek and, 131, 136, 138;
economy ties and, 151, 154; Korean War
and, 136, 138; “Open Door Notes,” 110;
opening to China (1970s), 144
Universal love, 15
Unoffi cial History of the Scholars, 100
Versailles peace treaty (1918), 117
Virtue, Confucianism and, xv, 13–14
Voting rights, 154
Wang, Empress (Tang), 57
Wang Anshi, 69–70, 73
Wang Mang, 30–31
Wang Yangming, 91–92, 100
Wanli Emperor (Ming), 90
Warlord Era (1916–1927), 116–18, 120–22
Warring States period, 4, 11–19; end
of, 20–21; Legalism and, 13, 14, 17;
philosophers of, 17. See also Civil war
Water Margin, 92, 127
The Way. See Daoism
Wei, 11, 20, 21
Wei dynasty, 37, 45–46, 47, 50
Wei Jingsheng, 147, 148
Wei Zhongxian, 95
Wen, King of Zhou, 9–10
Wen Tianxiang, 82–83
Western imperialism, 102, 119–20, 121,
129; treaty ports and, 105, 107
Western Zhou period, 11
West River, xiv
Whampoa Military Academy, 120, 121
White Lotus Society, 84, 85, 101
Wilson, Woodrow, 117
Wittfogel, Karl, xiv
Women, 146; changing status of, 152;
Communist Party and, 132, 136, 140;
dowager empress, 25, 35, 47, 57–59,
68, 108, 109, 110, 111; foot-binding of,
74–75, 111, 123; Han dynasty, 33–35;
marriage and, 75, 136, 147; Ming dynasty
courtesans, 93–94; nomadic peoples, 50,
74; Qing dynasty, 108, 109; Tang dynasty,
57–59, 74; “Three Bonds” of, 93
Written language, 7–8, 10, 22, 123;
calligraphy, 70–71, 79
Wu, King of Zhou, 9, 10
Wu Ding, King of Shang, 5–6
Wu dynasty, 37
Wu Jingzi, 100
Wu Liang, 33, 34
Wu Sangui, 95, 97
Wu Zhao, Empress (Tang), 47, 57–59, 68
Wuchang uprising, 114
Wuzong Emperor (Tang), 62
Xia dynasty, 2
Xianbei (Tuoba), 45, 47, 48, 55
Xiang Yu, 24
Xianyang (Qin capital), 22
Xiaowen Emperor (Northern Wei), 48
Xin dynasty, 30
Xinjiang, 152
Xiongnu, 25, 26–28, 37–38, 50
Xi Xia, 68–69, 81
Xuantong Emperor (Puyi, Qing), 114, 115,
128
Xuanzang (Buddhist monk), 55–56
Xuanzong Emperor (Tang), 59–61, 64
Xunzi, 14–15, 18
Yan, Prince of, 87. See also Yongle Emperor
Yan, state of, 21
Yang Guang Emperor (Sui), 52
Yang Guifei, 60, 64
Yang Jian, 48, 50–51, 52
Yangshao culture, 1
Yang Xiuqing, 107
Yangzhou, Manchu rape of, 96–97
Yangzi River, xiii, xiv, 71
Yangzi River Valley, 1, 7, 20, 37, 48, 93,
94, 134; cash crop farming in, 90; Grand
Canal and, 51, 53, 54; rice cultivation in,
38–39; Taiping Rebellion in, 106
Yan Xishan, 117, 122
Yao (sage-king), 2
Yellow River, xiii–xiv; fl ooding of, 30, 83,
95, 129
Yellow River Valley, 1, 7, 8, 9, 38, 48; Liao
rule in, 69
Yellow Turbans (Daoist cult), 36, 40
Yin-yang principle, 16, 30, 33, 63
Yongle Emperor (Ming), 87–88
Yongle Encyclopedia, 88
Yongzheng Emperor (Qing), 99, 100
Yu (sage-king), 2
Yuan (Mongol) dynasty, 81–84; Chinese
culture and, 83; rebellion against, 85