13.1. Kinetic-Molecular Theory and Gases http://www.ck12.org
FIGURE 13.6
Helium gas liquefies at 4 K or four degrees above absolute zero. Liquid
helium is used as a coolant for large superconducting magnets and must
be stored in insulated metal canisters.or a manometer. Conversions between pressure units can be performed by using dimensional analysis.- The temperature of a substance in Kelvin is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles
in that substance.
Lesson Review Questions
Reviewing Concepts
- How are gases different from liquids and solids in terms of the distance between the particles?
- Which of the following are behaviors of a gas that can be explained by the kinetic-molecular theory?
a. Gases are compressible.
b. Gases exert pressure.
c. All particles of a gas sample move at the same speed.
d. Gas particles can exchange kinetic energy when they collide.
e. Gas particles move in a curved-line path. - What is an elastic collision?
- List several common units of gas pressure.
- How high does a column of mercury rise when inverted in a dish of mercury at sea level? Why do you suppose
that mercury is used to measure atmospheric pressure rather than water? - Would it be more or less difficult to drink water through a straw on the summit of Mt. Everest than it would
be at sea level? Explain. - How does the average kinetic energy of an air sample near a campfire compare to air that is far away from it?
Problems
- Perform the indicated conversions for the following pressure measurements.
a. 1.721 atm to mmHg