CK-12-Chemistry Intermediate

http://www.ck12.org Chapter 25. Organic Chemistry

TABLE25.3:(continued)

Functional Group Structure Compound Classification

Amine Primary Amine

Secondary Amine

Tertiary Amine

Lesson Summary

• A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that is primarily responsible for the properties of the organic
  compound in which it is present. Organic molecules are given systematic names to identify the identities and
  locations of functional groups within the molecule.


• Alkyl halides are hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a halogen atom.


• Alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional group and can be primary, secondary, or tertiary.


• Ethers are compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups.


• Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl functional group. In an aldehyde, the carbonyl is at the end of a
  carbon chain, while in a ketone, it is in the middle.


• A carboxylic acid contains the carboxyl functional group. They are weak acids because the hydrogen of the
  hydroxyl group is ionizable.


• In an ester, the hydrogen of a carboxylic acid group is replaced by an alkyl group.


• Amines are derivatives of ammonia that are weak bases due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Lesson Review Questions

Reviewing Concepts

1. Why are alcohols not considered bases even though they contain an –OH substituent?


2. Which types of organic compounds from this lesson are capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding?


3. Which types of organic compounds from this lesson are capable of hydrogen bonding with water?


4. Why do amines act as bases?

Problems

5. Identify each of the following as an alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, amine, or alkyl
   halide.