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(^8) Energy Conservation
Chapter Outline
8.1 Potential Energy
8.2 KINETICENERGY
8.3 Conservation of Energy
8.4 Work
8.5 ENERGYPROBLEMSOLVING
8.6 ENERGY ANDMOMENTUMPROBLEMS
8.7 Power and Efficiency
8.8 MECHANICALADVANTAGE
Introduction
The Big Idea
The law ofconservation of momentumstates that in any closed system (including the universe) the total quantity of
momentum is constant. Momentum can be transferred from one body to another, but none is lost or gained. If a
system has its momentum changed from the outside it is caused by animpulse,which transfers momentum from
one body to another.
When any two bodies in the universe interact, they can exchange energy, momentum, or both. The law of
conservation of energystates that in any closed system (including the universe) the total quantity of energy remains
fixed. Energy is transferred from one form to another, but not lost or gained. If energy is put into a system from the
outside or vice versa it is often in the form ofwork,which is a transfer of energy between bodies.