At pressures less than (b), solids are able to convert directly to gas (sublimation) and gases are
able to convert directly to solid (deposition).53 . D
Line bd describes the conversion between liquid and solid and therefore between melting and
freezing.
54 . E
Line bc describes the conversion between liquid and gas and therefore between evaporation
(boiling) and condensation.
55 . A
In a total volume of 12 L, you must calculate the number of moles you have.
56 . C
Boiling point elevation is a colligative property, one due solely to the number of particles and
not the nature of the particles. Therefore, III is false and II is true. I is false because vapor
pressure is lowered by addition of solute, which increases boiling point. An increase in vapor
pressure would lead to boiling-point depression.57 . D
1K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + 14HCl → 2KCl + 2CrCl 3 +7H 2 O + 3Cl 22 + 2 + 7 + 3 = 14