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A History of English Literature

(Marvins-Underground-K-12) #1

Shakespeare and the Drama


The Twentieth Century and


xiii


Timelines


  • Introduction Abbreviations xx

    • Why literary history?

    • Literary status

    • What is literature?

    • Scope: English, British, English

    • Canon, anti-canon, mini-canon

    • Priorities

    • Who are the major writers?

    • Language change

    • Is drama literature?

    • Qualities, quantities, obligation, allocation

    • Texts

    • Further reading

    • Pr imary texts

    • Secondary texts

    • to 1 Old English Literature:

    • Orientations

    • Britain, England, English

      • Oral origins and conversion

      • Aldhelm, Bede, Cædmon

      • Northumbria and The Dream of the Rood

      • Heroic poetry

      • Christian literature

      • Alfred

      • Beowulf

      • Elegies

      • Battle poetry

      • The harvest of literacy

      • Further reading

      • 1066–1500 2 Middle English Literature:

      • The new writing

      • Handwriting and printing

      • The impact of French

      • Scribal practice

      • Dialect and language change

      • Literary consciousness

      • New fashions: French and Latin

      • Epic and romance

      • Courtly literature

      • Medieval institutions

      • Authority

      • Lyrics

      • English prose

      • The fourteenth century

      • Spiritual writing

        • Julian of Norwich



      • Secular prose

      • Ricardian poetry

      • Piers Plowman

      • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

      • John Gower



    • Geoffrey Chaucer

      • The Parlement of Fowls

      • Troilus and Criseyde

      • The Canterbury Tales



    • The fifteenth century

    • Drama

      • Mystery plays

      • Morality plays



    • Religious lyric

    • Deaths of Arthur

    • The arrival of printing

    • Scottish poetry

      • Robert Henryson

      • William Dunbar

      • Gavin Douglas



    • Further reading

      • P ART





  • 3 Tudor Literature: 1500–1603 Tudor and Stuart

    • Renaissance and Reformation

    • The Renaissance

      • Expectations

      • Investigations

      • England’s place in the world



    • The Reformation

      • Sir Thomas More

      • The Courtier

      • Sir Thomas Wyatt

      • The Earl of Surrey



    • Religious prose

      • Bible translation

      • Instructive prose



    • Drama

    • Elizabethan literature

    • Ve r s e

      • Sir Philip Sidney

      • Edmund Spenser

      • Sir Walter Ralegh

      • Elizabethan and Jacobean

      • Christopher Marlowe

        • Song

          • Thomas Campion



        • Prose

          • John Lyly

          • Thomas Nashe

          • Richard Hooker



        • Further reading

        • 4 Shakespeare and the Drama

          • William Shakespeare

          • Shakespeare’s life

          • The plays preserved

            • Luck and fame



          • The drama

            • The commercial theatre

            • Predecessors

            • Christopher Marlowe

            • The order of the plays



          • Histories

            • Richard II

            • Henry IV

            • Henry V



          • Comedy

            • A Midsummer Night’s Dream

            • Twelfth Night



          • The poems

          • Tr a g e d y

            • Hamlet

            • King Lear

            • Macbe th



          • Late Romances

            • The Tempest



          • Conclusion

            • Shakespeare’s achievement

            • His supposed point of view



          • Ben Jonson

            • The Alchemist

            • Volpone



          • Further reading



        • 5 Stuart Literature: to

          • The Stuart century

          • Drama to

            • Comedy

            • Tr a g e d y









    • John Donne

    • Prose to

      • Sir Francis Bacon

      • Lancelot Andrewes

      • Robert Burton

      • Sir Thomas Browne



    • Poetry to Milton

      • Ben Jonson

      • Metaphysical poets

      • Devotional poets

      • Cavalier poets



    • John Milton

      • Prose and Paradise Lost



    • The Restoration

    • The Earl of Rochester

    • John Bunyan

    • Samuel Pepys

    • The theatres

      • Restoration comedy



    • John Dryden

      • Satire

      • Prose



    • John Locke

    • Women writers

    • William Congreve

    • Further reading

      • P ART





  • 6 Augustan Literature: to Augustan and Romantic

    • The eighteenth century

    • The Enlightenment

      • Sense and Sensibility



    • Alexander Pope and 18th-century civilization

    • Joseph Addison

    • Jonathan Swift

    • Alexander Pope

      • Translation as tradition

      • The Rape of the Lock

      • Mature verse



    • John Gay

    • Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

      • The novel

      • Daniel Defoe

      • Cross-currents

      • Samuel Richardson

      • Henry Fielding

      • Tobias Smollett

      • Laurence Sterne

      • The emergence of Sensibility

      • Thomas Gray

      • Pre-Romantic sensibility: ‘Ossian’

      • Gothic fiction

      • The Age of Johnson

      • Dr Samuel Johnson

        • The Dictionary

        • Literary criticism



      • James Boswell

      • Non-fiction

        • Edward Gibbon

        • Edmund Burke



      • Oliver Goldsmith

      • Frances Burney

      • Richard Brinsley Sheridan

      • Christopher Smart

      • William Cowper

      • Robert Burns

      • Further reading

      • 7 The Romantics: 1790–1837

        • The Romantic poets

        • Early Romantics

          • William Blake



        • Subjectivity

        • Romanticism and Revolution

          • William Wordsworth

          • Samuel Taylor Coleridge

          • Sir Walter Scott



        • Younger Romantics

          • Lord Byron

          • Percy Bysshe Shelley

          • John Keats



        • Romantic prose

        • Belles lettres

          • Charles Lamb

          • William Hazlitt

          • Thomas De Quincey





      • Fiction

        • Thomas Love Peacock

        • Mary Shelley

        • Maria Edgeworth

        • Sir Walter Scott

        • Jane Austen



      • Towards Victoria

      • Further reading

        • PART







  • Victorian Literature to

    • 8 The Age and its Sages

      • The Victorian age

      • Moral history

      • Abundance

      • Why sages?

      • Thomas Carlyle

      • John Stuart Mill

      • John Ruskin

      • John Henry Newman

      • Charles Darwin

      • Matthew Arnold

      • Further reading



    • 9 Poetry

      • Victorian Romantic poetry

      • Minor verse

        • John Clare



      • Alfred Tennyson

      • Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning

      • Matthew Arnold

        • Arthur Hugh Clough



      • Dante Gabriel and Christina Rossetti

      • Algernon Charles Swinburne

      • Gerard Hopkins

      • Further reading

        • 10 Fiction

          • The triumph of the novel

          • Disraeli’s Sybil

          • Two Brontë novels

            • Jane Eyre

            • Wuthering Heights



          • Elizabeth Gaskell

          • Charles Dickens

            • The Pickwick Papers

            • David Copperfield

            • Bleak House

            • Our Mutual Friend

            • Great Expectations

            • ‘The Inimitable’



          • Wilkie Collins

          • William Makepeace Thackeray

            • Vanity Fair



          • Anthony Trollope

          • George Eliot

            • Adam Bede

            • The Mill on the Floss

            • Silas Marner

            • Middlemarch

            • Daniel Deronda



          • Nonsense prose and ver se

            • Lewis Carroll

            • Edward Lear



          • Further reading

          • 1880–1900 11 Late Victorian Literature:

          • Differentiation

          • Thomas Hardy and Henry James

          • Aestheticism

            • Walter Pater



          • A revival of drama

          • Oscar Wilde

          • George Bernard Shaw

          • Fiction

          • Thomas Hardy

            • Tess of the d’Urbervilles



          • Minor fiction

            • Samuel Butler

            • Robert Louis Stevenson

            • George Moore











  • Poetr y

    • Aestheticism

    • A. E. Housman

    • Rudyard Kipling



  • Further reading

    • PART



  • 1901–19 12 Ends and Beginnings:

  • The new century

  • Fiction

  • Edwardian realists

    • Rudyard Kipling

    • John Galsworthy

    • Arnold Bennett

    • H. G. Wells



  • The press and G. K. Chesterton

  • Joseph Conrad

    • Heart of Darkness

    • Nostromo



  • E. M. Forster

  • Ford Madox Ford

  • Poetry

  • Pre-war verse

    • Thomas Hardy, poet



  • War poetry and war poets

  • Further reading

  • 1920–55 13 From Post-War to Post-War:

  • ‘Modernism’: 1914–27

  • D.H.Lawrence

    • The Rainbow



  • James Joyce

    • Portr ait of the Artist as a Young Man

    • Ulysses

      • Ezra Pound: the London years

      • T. S. Eliot

        • The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

        • The Waste Land

        • Four Quartets

        • Eliot’s criticism



      • W. B. Yeats

      • Hugh MacDiarmid and David Jones

      • Virginia Woolf

        • To the Lighthouse



      • Katherine Mansfield and Jean Rhys



        • Thirties Non-modernism: the Twenties and



      • Modernism fails to catch on

      • The poetry of the Thirties

        • Political camps

        • W. H. Auden



      • The novel

        • Evelyn Waugh

        • Grahame Greene

        • Anthony Powell

        • George Orwell

        • Elizabeth Bowen



      • Fantasy Fiction

        • C.S.Lewis

        • J. R. R. Tolkien



      • Poetr y

        • The Second World War

        • Dylan Thomas



      • Drama

        • Sean O’Casey



      • Further reading

      • 14 Beginning Again: 1955–80

        • Drama

        • Samuel Beckett

        • John Osborne

        • Harold Pinter

        • Established protest

        • Novels galore

        • William Golding

        • Muriel Spark

        • Iris Murdoch

        • Other writers





    • Poetr y

    • Philip Larkin

    • Ted Hughes

    • Geoffrey Hill

    • Tony Harrison

    • Seamus Heaney

    • Further reading



  • 15 Contemporaries

    • Can a literary medium be global?

    • Import-export

    • The touch of history

    • All literature is contemporary

    • The dominance of fiction

    • Drama and theatre

    • Theatre and identity

    • Alan Bennett

      • Stage politics



    • Poetry

    • Contemporary poetry

    • Greatness?

    • Paul Muldoon

    • Popular contemporaries

    • The empire of fiction

    • Fiction and the university

      • Burgess Malcolm Bradbury, David Lodge, Anthony



    • Metropolitan novelists

      • Ian McEwan

        • Martin Amis

        • Julian Barnes

        • Post-modernism?

        • Some novelists

          • A.S. Byatt

          • Angela Carter

          • Kazuo Ishiguro

          • Graham Swift

          • J. G. Ballard

          • Penelope Fitzgerald

          • Beryl Bainbridge

          • Michael Frayn

          • Pat Barker



        • Looking back

          • Salman Rushdie

          • Penelope Lively



        • ‘Post-colonial’?

          • V. S. Naipaul



        • ‘Multi-culturalism’

        • Genre

        • Literary biography

        • Fictionalized biography

        • Historical fiction

          • Patrick O’Brian



        • Detective fiction

        • Spy fiction

          • John Le Carré



        • Genre and literary standards

        • Fiction and fantasy

          • Philip Pullman

          • J. K. Rowling



        • Further reading

        • Index





    • 7th centuries The coming of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th, 6th and



  • Places of note in Old and Middle English Literature

  • The Franks Casket

  • The sceptre from the ship burial at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk

  • The Beowulfmanuscript

  • The dialects of Middle English

  • Langland’s Dreamer

  • Portrait of Geoffrey Chaucer commissioned by Thomas Hoccleve

  • The Wife of Bath, from the Ellesmere Manuscript of the Canterbury Tales

  • Coventry mystery performance in the 1400s or 1500s

  • Sir Thomas More

  • Elizabeth I,Queen of England and Ireland,c.1588

  • Red-Crosse Knight and Dragon, from The Fairie Queen

  • Sir Walter Raleigh

  • The Catalogue of ‘the First Folio’ of Shakespeare’s plays

  • Shakespeare’s portrait in the First Folio

  • Drawing of the Swan Theatre by Johannes de Witt

  • The Tr agicall Hiftory of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus

  • ‘View of London’, engraved by Claes Jan Visscher

  • Charles the Martyr, from Eikon Basilike

  • John Milton

  • Anne Bracegirdle in The Widow Ranter

  • The new St Paul’s Cathedral

  • Alexander Pope

  • ‘Crusoe saving his Goods out of the Wreck of the Ship’

  • ‘The Death of Chatterton’ by Henry Wallis

  • Definition from Dr Johnson’s Dictionary

  • Dr Samuel Johnson,by Joshua Reynolds

  • Frances Burney

  • The screen scene from Sheridan’s A School for Scandal

  • William Wordsworth

  • John Keats

  • ‘T ales of Wonder’ by James Gillray

  • Jane Austen

  • The Albert Memorial

  • Queen Victoria opening the Great Exhibition

  • ‘Contrasted Residences for the Poor’, from A. W. Pugin’s Contrasts

  • Alfred Tennyson

  • ‘Buy from us with a golden curl’,Goblin Market

  • Gerard Hopkins, S.J.

  • The Brontë sisters

  • Charles Dickens in Every Man in his Humour

  • ‘Fagin in the condemned cell’,Oliver Twist

  • ‘Mr Joseph entangled’,Vanity Fair

  • Tom and Maggie Tulliver foresee their fate

  • The Mad Hatter’s Tea Party, from Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

  • Oscar Wilde

  • Rudyard Kipling

  • Joseph Conrad

  • ‘Over the top’

  • D. H. Lawrence

  • Ford Madox Ford, James Joyce, Ezra Pound and John Quinn

  • T. S. Eliot

  • W. B. Yeats

  • Virginia Woolf

  • W. H. Auden

  • Evelyn Waugh

  • Samuel Beckett

  • John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger

  • William Golding

  • Muriel Spark

  • Philip Larkin

  • Seamus Heaney

  • Kazuo Ishiguro

  • Penelope Fitzger ald

  • Old English Literature: to Medieval

  • Dates of early writings and chief events

  • Middle English Literature: to

  • Reigns and major events 1066–1399

  • Ricardian poetry 1377–99

  • Chronology of Chaucer’s works

  • Fifteenth-century events and literature

  • Scottish poetry

  • Tudor Literature: 1500– Tudor and Stuart

  • Tudor translations

  • Non-dramatic poets of the 1590s

    • poems with publication dates Plays by approximate order of composition;



  • Stuart Literature: to

  • Stuart dramatists to

  • Crisis, Civil War, Commonwealth, Restoration

  • Events 1660–1700

  • Restor ation plays

  • A chronology of Restoration prose

  • Augustan Literature: to Augustan and Romantic

  • Public events of the time of Pope

  • Literature at the time of Pope

    • Events 1745–89

    • Fiction from Richardson to Edgeworth

    • Non-fictional prose: 1710–98

    • The Romantics: 1790–

    • Events 1789–1824

    • Chief events and publications of 1823–37

    • Victorian Literature to

    • Events and publications of 1837–80 The Age and its Sages

    • 1880– Late Victorian Literature:

    • Events and publications 1881–1901

    • Ends and Beginnings: 1901– Beyond

    • Events and publications of 1900–19

    • From Post-War to Post-War: 1920–

    • Events 1920–39

    • Publications of the modernist period

    • Publications 1929–39

    • Events and publications of 1940–55

    • Beginning Again: 1955–

    • Events and publications 1955–



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