riculum and its programs and with increasing stu-
dent enrollments.
Frazier wrote prizewinning essays that were
published in prominent journals and books of the
Harlem Renaissance period. His essays appeared in
The Crisis, The Nation, THENEWNEGRO(1925)
edited by ALAINLOCKE, and Ebony and Topaz
(1927) edited by CHARLESS. JOHNSON, and won
prizes in literary contests sponsored by OPPORTU-
NITY.In 1929 his essay “The Mind of the Negro”
won first prize in the Opportunitycontest, which
was renamed by its new financial sponsor, CARL
VANVECHTEN, in memory of the accomplished
actress Florence Mills.
Frazier’s collaborations with Harlem Renais-
sance figures also involved racial activism and civil
rights interventions. In 1935, three years after he
completed The Negro Family in Chicago,a work
based on his doctoral dissertation, he collaborated
with Countee Cullen, ASAPHILIPRANDOLPH, and
others on a New York City mayoral committee
charged with studying the social and economic fac-
tors that contributed to the devastating Harlem
Riot in 1935. In 1939, at the close of the Renais-
sance, he published The Negro Family in the United
States,a volume hailed as one of the most influen-
tial scholarly books on black history and culture.
In the years following the Harlem Renaissance,
Frazier published highly regarded and influential so-
ciological studies including Black Bourgeoisie,the
seminal and highly controversial work that was
published first in FRANCE in 1955 and in the
United States in 1957. His final work, The Negro
Church in America,was published in 1962 shortly
after his death.
Bibliography
Platt, Anthony. E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered.New
Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1991.
Platt, Tony, and Susan Chandler. “Constant Struggle: E.
Franklin Frazier and Black Social Work in the
1920s.” Social Work33 (July/August 1988): 293–297.
Semmes, Clovis. “E. Franklin Frazier’s Theory of the
Black Family: Vindication and Sociological In-
sight.” Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare28, no.
2 (June 2001): 3–21.
Teele, James, ed. E. Franklin Frazier and Black Bourgeoisie.
Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002.Furman, Abraham Loew(unknown)
The lawyer for the New York City–based Macaulay
Publishing Company who collaborated with WAL-
LACE THURMAN on THE INTERNE, Thurman’s
third and last novel. Furman met Thurman when
the writer was employed as a reader for the com-
pany, which opened in 1909 and closed in 1941.
Sometimes misidentified as The Interns,the novel
chronicled the professional coming-of-age of a
young white physician named Carl Armstrong. Fol-
lowing the publication of The Interne,Thurman
was appointed editor-in-chief at the press.
Furman and a brother of the founders later be-
came a prolific writer and editor of literature for
children.Bibliography
Henderson, Mae. “Portrait of Wallace Thurman” in Cary
Wintz, ed. Remembering the Harlem Renaissance.
New York: Garland, 1996. 289–312.
McIver, Dorothy. Stepchild in Harlem: The Literary Career
of Wallace Thurman.Ann Arbor, Mich.: University
Microfilms International, 1983.
Van Notten, Eleanore. Wallace Thurman’s Harlem Renais-
sance.Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
West, Dorothy. “Elephant’s Dance: A Memoir of Wal-
lace Thurman,” Black World20, no. 1 (1970):
77–85.Furman, Abraham Loew 175