Hill, Robert, ed. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro
Improvement Association Papers.Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1983.
Lewis, Rupert. Marcus Garvey: Anti-Colonial Champion.
Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1988.
Stein, Judith. The World of Marcus Garvey: Race and
Class in Modern Society.Baton Rouge: Louisiana
State University Press, 1986.
Stephens, Michelle. “Black Transnationalism and the
Politics of National Identity: West Indian Intellec-
tuals in Harlem in the Age of War and Revolution,”
American Quarterly50, no. 3 (1988): 592–608.
Negro Year Book
An annual publication compiled by Monroe N.
Work, the director of the Department of Records
and Research at TUSKEGEEINSTITUTEin Alabama.
Work began publishing the volumes, which
detailed the life, history, accomplishments, and
statistics relating to peoples of African descent, in
- The annual yearbooks were recommended
highly to a wide array of American audiences, in-
cluding “Mission Study classes, Y.M.C.A. and
Y.W.C.A. classes and literary clubs” and was “es-
pecially adapted for use in schools where socio-
logical and historical courses on the Negro are
given.”
During the 1920s the volume was priced at $1
for paperback editions and $1.50 for hardcover
versions.
Negry v Amerike Claude McKay(1923)
Published in the former Soviet Union in 1923,
this collection of essays by CLAUDEMCKAYwas
based on writings he completed during his early-
1920s sojourns abroad in Russia and North
Africa. It was published less than a year after
McKay, who had recently been working with
SYLVIAPANKHURSTand others in the offices of
the WORKER’S DREADNOUGHTin England, ad-
dressed the Comintern in 1922.
The translated title of the volume reads, “Ne-
groes in America.” The book, which McKay com-
pleted in six months, shed light on his
understanding of Marxism and Communism and
revealed his opinions about African-American
labor issues and politics. The volume included
chapters on “Labor Leaders and Negroes,” “Ne-
groes in Sports,” and “Sex and Economics.”Bibliography
Cooper, Wayne. Claude McKay: Rebel Sojourner in the
Harlem Renaissance.New York: Schocken Books,
1987.
Giles, James R. Claude McKay.Boston: Twayne Publish-
ers, 1976.Neighborhood Playhouse
A NEWYORKCITYtheater built in 1915 by the
philanthropist sisters Alice and Irene Lewisohn.
Both women were actively involved in the settle-
ment house movement, and they oversaw artistic
productions at the Henry Street Settlement
House on the Lower East Side. It was one of
the first venues designated as an “off-Broadway”
theater.
The first production at the venue was JEPH-
THAH’s DAUGHTER,a tragedy by CARRIEMOR-
GANFIGGS, based on the Old Testament story of
Jephtha, a man forced to sacrifice his own child,
in the Book of Judges. Additional productions at
the venue included Carlos Among the Candles,a
1917 play by Wallace Stevens. The November
1920 debut of THEEMPERORJONESby EUGENE
O’NEILLstarred Charles Gilpin in the title role,
and the show ran for some 204 performances. The
theater also accommodated lectures and non-
dramatic performances. It was there that JEAN
TOOMER,MARGARETNAUMBERG, and others at-
tended presentations by members of the Gurdjieff
movement.
The Neighborhood Playhouse closed in 1927.
Its legacy continued to shape American theater,
however. In 1928 the Lewisohn sisters collaborated
with Rita Wallach Morgenthau and established the
Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre.
Its celebrated faculty included Martha Graham
and Agnes De Mille.Bibliography
Blood, Melanie Nelda. The Neighborhood Playhouse,
1915–1927: A History and Analysis.Evanston, Ill.:
Northwestern University, 1994.
Krasner, David. A Beautiful Pageant: African American
Theatre, Drama, and Performance in the Harlem Re-380 Negro Year Book