that AFRICA, as a conceptual and mythical state,
was not the most reliable resource from which
American writers of color could or should draw.
The volume, published by HARPER&BROTH-
ERS, included “decorations” by AARONDOUGLAS
and was dedicated to fellow anthology editor and
poet WILLIAMSTANLEYBRAITHWAITE, “Poet and
Friend, Whom Those Who Know Him Delight to
Honor.” The book included writing published in a
variety of well-known works, magazines, and jour-
nals, and by particular publishing houses. Included
in the lengthy list were Dodd, Mead and Co., AL-
FREDA. KNOPF, B. J. Brimmer, VANITYFAIR,THE
ATLANTICMONTHLY, The Carolina Magazine, THE
CRISIS, and FIRE!! The Acknowledgements list
alone confirmed for readers the breadth of writing
by African Americans, as well as a sense of the pa-
trons and institutional supporters of these works.
Cullen included autobiographical profiles for
each of the writers included. The contributors
ranged from well-known and prolific artists such as
WILLIAMSTANLEYBRAITHWAITE,ANGELINAWELD
GRIMKÉ,LANGSTONHUGHES, and CLAUDEMCKAY,
to lesser-known writers like George Leonard Allen,
WESLEYCURTWRIGHT, and LULALOWEWEEDEN.
Bibliography
Cullen, Countee. Caroling Dusk: An Anthology of Verse by
Negro Poets.New York: Harper & Brothers, 1927.
Ferguson, Blanche. Countee Cullen and the Negro Renais-
sance.New York: Dodd, Mead, 1966.
Shucard, Alan. Countee Cullen.Boston: Twayne, 1984.
Carter, Elmer Anderson (1890–1973)
A HARVARD UNIVERSITY–educated teacher,
writer, veteran, and member of Alpha Phi Alpha,
who began his professional life as a math instruc-
tor at Prairie View State College in Texas. Carter
joined the staff of three different national
branches of the NATIONALURBANLEAGUEbefore
arriving in NEWYORKCITY, where, in 1928, he
became the editor of the organization’s publica-
tion OPPORTUNITY.He held this important and
demanding position until 1942.
Bibliography
Fleming, G. James, and Christian E. Burckel. Who’s Who
In Colored America: An Illustrated Biographical Direc-
tory of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in
the United States.Yonkers-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Chris-
tian E. Burckel & Associates, 1950.Carter, Eunice Roberta Hunton
(1899–1970)
The daughter of William Alpheus Hunton and
ADDIED. WAITESHUNTON, Eunice Carter was a
Smith College graduate and Fordham University
Law School graduate whose family moved from
ATLANTAto Brooklyn, New York, in the wake of
the 1906 race riots. She graduated from Smith,
where she earned a bachelor’s degree, a master’s
degree, and cum laude honors, in 1921. She gradu-
ated from law school in 1931 and passed the New
York State bar examination three years later. After
beginning a groundbreaking career in the district
attorney’s office where she became the first
African-American woman to serve as district attor-
ney, Hunton became one of New York City’s first
African-American women judges. Her alma mater,
Smith College, awarded her an honorary degree,
doctor of laws, in 1938. Carter was recognized for
her “distinguished record as an undergraduate...
followed by seventeen years of public service” and
was hailed for the significant ways in which “her
brilliant abilities have been devoted to the welfare
of her city and have brought high credit to her col-
lege and her race” (NYT,21 June 1938, 15).
Eunice Hunton married Dr. Lisle Carter, who
became an executive director of the National Urban
League and later received a federal appointment to
a post in the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare. The Carters lived at 409 Edgecombe Av-
enue, one of Harlem’s most well-known apartment
buildings and the residence that was home to mem-
bers of the professional and literary elite such as
W. E. B. DUBOIS, the influential scholar and editor
of Crisis;future Supreme Court justice THURGOOD
MARSHALL; and RUDOLPH FISHER, a pioneering
physician, medical researcher, and novelist.
Carter, who later became a member and chair of
the board of trustees of the NATIONALCOUNCIL OF
NEGROWOMEN, contributed four works to OPPOR-
TUNITY: “Digression” (December 1923), “Replica”
(September 1924), “Who Gives Himself” (December
1924), and “The Corner” (April 1925). She also pub-
lished several book reviews, including evaluations of76 Carter, Elmer Anderson