Eagleton, Terry - How to Read Literature

H o w t o R e a d L i t e r a t u r e

6

versions of reality in tension. Which is not to suggest that we are
necessarily to tread some sensible middle path between them.
Middle paths in tragedy are in notably short supply.
It is important, then, not to confuse fiction with reality, which
the students around the table seem in danger of doing. Prospero,
the hero of Shakespeare’s The Tempest, comes forward at the end
of the play to warn the audience against making this mistake; but
he does so in a way that suggests that confusing art with the real
world can diminish its effects on that world:

Now my charms are all o’erthrown,

And what strength I have’s mine own,

Which is most faint. Now, ’tis true,

I must be here confined by you,

Or sent to Naples. Let me not,

Since I have my dukedom got

And pardoned the deceiver, dwell

In this bare island by your spell,

But release me from my bands

With the help of your good hands.

What Prospero is doing is asking the audience to applaud. This is
one thing he means by ‘With the help of your good hands.’ By
applauding, the spectators in the theatre will acknowledge that
what they have been watching is a piece of fiction. If they fail to
recognise this, it is as though they and the figures on stage will
remain trapped for ever inside the dramatic illusion. The actors
will be unable to leave the stage, and the audience will remain
frozen in the auditorium. This is why Prospero speaks of the
danger of being confined to his magic island ‘by your spell’,