Crash Course AP Literature
WHAT IS RHETORIC? Rhetoric is the use of language to persuade. In more general terms, rhetoric is the effective use of language ...
SOME CONCLUSION TIPS: Never introduce a new idea (a new claim) in the conclusion. Generally, do not cite the text in the conclus ...
KEY TERMS 1. abstraction: a concept or idea without a specific example; idealized generalities 2. abstract noun: ideas or things ...
“BUT, WHAT IF I RUN OUT OF TIME?” It is possible that you will not have time to write a conclusion. Of course it is best if you ...
BASIC RHETORICAL STRATEGIES Entire books have been written on this subject, but you don’t have the time or the need to read one ...
QUOTING THE TEXT: TIPS AND STRATEGIES Use partial quotations. It will be rare that you will need to quote an entire sentence fro ...
BASIC APPEALS: A writer can appeal to readers’ needs (hierarchy of needs: shelter, esteem, etc.) sense of tradition (we’ve alway ...
INTEGRATING OR EMBEDDING (SUPPORT) TEXTUAL EVIDENCE Weaving textual evidence into an essay is a skill that you can practice and ...
STYLISTIC DEVICES EFFECTIVE WRITERS USE: evocative or emotive language lists of relevant details figurative language, especially ...
I USING PRECISE LANGUAGE: CONFIDENTLY SAYING WHAT YOU MEAN Use higher-level vocabulary I have suggested that you not toss in “bi ...
MODES/FORMS OF RHETORIC cause and effect problem and solution narrative description definition humor satire ...
Being/Linking Verbs is am was were are be been being have been had been shall be will be should have been would have been feels ...
THE VERBS OF RHETORIC The questions and prompts in the AP Lit exam are loaded with a variety of verbs. It is important to know w ...
WORDS AND PHRASES TO AVOID Some words are inherently ambiguous. Others are simply meaningless. Others are cliché or overused exp ...
A QUESTION OF GRAMMAR The AP Lit exam is not a grammar test. It is a literary analysis test. However, your ability to control th ...
NEVER, NEVER ... Begin a sentence with a pronoun. Begin a paragraph with a pronoun. Use ambiguous pronouns: this, that, those, i ...
PHRASE: A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and verb. There are a variety of phrase types, but ...
AVOID CLICHÉS, TRITE EXPRESSIONS, AND REDUNDANT PHRASES If you’ve heard it before, it may be a cliché. Clichés are empty express ...
CLAUSE: An independent clause is also called a main clause or, more commonly, a sentence. An independent clause has a subject an ...
YOUR OWN SYNTAX You must be able to write effective and fluent sentences for effective prose. Just as the writers whose work is ...
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