World History, Grades 9-12

Europe in the Middle Ages

Economics Politics/Government Religion Society

• Better farming methods
  increased food production.


• Trade expanded.


• Guilds formed for both
  merchants and artisans.
  -^ England and France
  developed strong
  central governments.
  -^ Parliament and the
  Estates-General
  bring representation
  to commoners.
  -^ The Hundred Years’
  War further weakened
  feudal power.
  
  
  • Kings and popes engaged
    in power struggles.
  
  
  • The Great Schism
    weakened the Church.
  
  
  • The First Crusade
    captured Jerusalem.
  
  
  • Later Crusades
    accomplished little.
    
    
    • Population increased
      in the Middle Ages.
    
    
    • The bubonic plague killed
      millions and weakened
      the manorial economy.
    
    
    • Europe’s first universities
      developed.
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  

404 Chapter 14

TERMS & NAMES

Briefly explain the importance of each of the following to
western Europe during the medieval period.

1.Crusade 5.parliament

2.Reconquista 6.Great Schism

3.Commercial 7.bubonic plague

Revolution 8.Hundred Years’ War

4.Magna Carta

MAIN IDEAS

1 Church Reform and the Crusades

(pages 379–386)

9.Explain the three main abuses that most distressed

Church reformers.

10.What were the effects of the Crusades?

2 Changes in Medieval Society

11.How did trade and finance change in the period from

1000 to 1500?

12.How did the growth of towns hurt the feudal system?

13.What role did Muslims play in Europe’s revival of learning?

3 England and France Develop

14.How did English kings increase their power and reduce

the power of the nobles?

15.Why was Philip II called Augustus?

4 The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

(pages 398–403)

16.Summarize the main ideas of John Wycliffe.

17. Why did the bubonic plague cause people to turn away

from the Church?

18.How did the Hundred Years’ War change warfare in

Europe?

CRITICAL THINKING

1.USING YOUR NOTES

In a diagram, show how govern-

ments became more centralized

in France and in England.

2.SUMMARIZING

What role did Jews and Muslims play

in Christian Europe’s financial revolution?

3.ANALYZING CAUSES

Identify and discuss the

events that led to the decline of the power of the Church in

the period from 1000 to 1500.

4.CLARIFYING

In what ways did the guilds change business and

employment practices?

5. HYPOTHESIZING
   Using the visual summary and your notes, suggest how the
   history of Western Europe would have been different if one of
   the events shown on the visual summary had not occurred.

ECONOMICS

RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS

CULTURAL INTERACTION

Chapter
14

Assessment

Centralized

Government