The Russian Empire 1450–1801

reaching out for military help from the Kingdom of Poland, in 1387 the Gedyminide dynasty formed an alliance with Poland and ado ...

expanded eastward across a great rural hinterland extending to the Urals; it was farmed in the city’s immediate environs, but pr ...

In thefirst half of thefifteenth century, both Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania suffered internal succession struggles, b ...

became the Russians, but also to Ukrainians and Belarus’ans. As a political entity, Russian history begins with the rise of Mosc ...

multiple strategies, including marital connections, purchase, intimidation, and conquest, to subordinate them: Riazan’(1456–1521 ...

nomads, and Central Asia sold silks, spices,fish, salt, livestock, rice, nuts, and oils, in exchange for European woolens, Russi ...

Chernigov (giving Moscow access to the Desna, a key tributary of the Dnieper). There ensued almost a century of non-stop wars be ...

until 1581, when Russia lost Narva and could no longer afford to restrict European trade. Dutch merchants were allowed into Whit ...

University Press, 2009), 237–59. On Mongol influence: Donald G. Ostrowski,Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on ...

3 Assembling Empire The First Centuries Russia’sfirst centuries of empire, roughly from mid-sixteenth century through the sevent ...

influence in Kazan, Moscow mounted a military campaign in 1551–2. The conquest was brutal: using tactics of mass expulsion that ...

Circassians of Kabarda entered into a short-lived alliance with Muscovy (1557–8), symbolized by the marriage of the recently wid ...

Volga the Nogais forced the Great Horde out in the sixteenth century, and were in turn expelled in the early seventeenth century ...

armed with bow and arrow on small fast horses; on the Dnieper, Don, and Volga Rivers and Caspian Sea, they were expert sailors, ...

military autonomy, freedom from direct and from many indirect taxes, the right to distill and sell alcohol, grants of land farme ...

Kyiv Moscow Kazan Perm Black Sea saC naip aeS Semipalatinsk Tobolsk^1587 Berezov^1593 Turukhansk 1607 Yeniseisk^1619 Tomsk 1604 ...

were possible, in-migration of Slavic colonists increased, and several of the northern fort towns (Berezov, Mangazeia, Obdorsk) ...

Transbaikal Cossacks that galvanized Buriats and local Russian settlers against the Irkutsk governor from 1695 to 1697. Taking S ...

reindeer herdsmen: from west to east, Samoyedic-speaking peoples, Tunguz (Man- chu) and paleo-Asiatic speakers Chukchi, Kamchada ...

29,000 in an estimated population of Russians and other European migrants of about 200,000. East Slavic populations in Siberia o ...