merchants (cont.)
role of 36
Russian 56, 111, 162, 189, 191, 193, 198,
242 – 3
Swedish 198, 241
Tatar 56, 91, 95, 99
Turkish 192
meritocracy 305
Meshcheriaks (Mishari) 92, 330, 397
Messerschmidt, Daniel 85
mestnichestvo 177
metallurgy 69, 85, 90, 203–4, 236, 298, 319,
335, 383
Mexico 29
Meyerberg, Augustin von 140
Album 226
Michetti, Nicolo 288
Middle East, the 2–3, 25, 30–1, 34–5,
41, 66, 187
“middle ground”58, 60, 81, 101, 125
Middle Horde, the (Kazakhs) 94, 96
migration of peoples 28, 32, 52, 58, 65–6, 80,
86, 88, 98, 101, 106, 113, 116,
166 – 7, 181, 226, 231, 258, 331,
343, 356–9, 363–4, 373;see also
settlers
forced 50, 79, 91, 93, 155, 161–7, 184, 204,
229, 231, 322, 335–6, 353, 357,
363
in-migration 64, 68, 72, 86, 88, 90–1, 93,
97, 105, 124, 356–7, 386– 7
out-migration 115
as“voluntary”flight 63, 67–8, 95,
231, 425
Mikhail Romanov (Tsar) 150–2, 209,
211, 255
Mikhailovskii Castle 284
Milan 31, 235
Mitau/Jelgava 121
military, the 60, 69, 91, 111, 178, 212, 220,
236, 275, 300, 314, 325, 344, 352,
430, 444, 458;see alsotechnology,
military
actions of 13, 398
administration/organization of 92, 111, 125,
165, 173, 184, 213–15, 219, 261,
270, 296–7, 299–300, 344, 349,
353, 459
army, the 11, 28, 41, 60, 63, 73, 101, 106,
112, 116, 156, 164, 172, 184, 195,
203, 213–16, 218–19, 296–300,
314, 317, 320, 328, 344, 353, 365,
398, 430, 459
artillery 236, 360
cavalry 4, 10, 49–50, 56, 68, 164, 204,
213 – 15, 218–19, 222–3, 297
dragoons 164, 298
funding of 200
infantry 68, 91, 164, 214, 218–19, 297– 8
musketeers 88, 162, 165, 217–18, 220,
236, 238–40, 242, 297, 363, 386
“new model”68, 164, 173, 204, 212,
219, 231
officers in the 10, 108, 214, 222, 297,
302, 304
personnel 92–3, 108, 137, 165, 203–4,
208, 213, 215–16, 218, 232,
238 – 40, 299, 311, 331–2, 338,
346, 355, 360, 363, 371, 376–7,
383, 388, 427
provisioning of 164–6, 184, 216, 225,
232, 320, 344–5, 352–3;see also
billeting
recruitment into 80–1, 107, 112, 130,
164, 231, 298–300, 314, 355, 360,
363, 365, 434
by conscription 173, 235
exemption from 115, 281, 428
regiments of 100– 1
Guards Regiments
Don Cossacks 100
Ukrainian 111– 12
St. Petersburg 433
Light Horse Regiment (Crimean
Tatars) 116
Preobrazhenskii 296, 417
Semeonovskii 296
size of the 9
staffing of the 4
colonies of 105
control of 14, 96, 101, 125
hardware of 37, 203, 298;see alsoweapons
mobilization of 6
navy, the 11, 17, 124, 199, 274–6, 296–8,
300, 302, 317, 327, 329, 348,
365 – 6, 375, 452, 458
policy surrounding 16, 95
power of 70
reform/modernization of 3, 10, 33, 38, 68,
125, 164–5, 196, 203–4, 211,
213 – 15, 218, 296–8, 375,
457 – 8, 460
spending on theseeexpenditure, on the
military/war
military campaigns 51, 71, 81, 84, 90 , 97, 104,
135, 164, 166, 173, 215, 223, 269,
276, 298, 344, 346, 361
Military Academy, the 381
Military College, the 100
military service 59, 80, 95–7, 100, 112, 125,
169, 173, 208, 215, 218, 220, 223,
225, 236, 239, 281, 299, 302, 363,
365, 415, 428–9, 433, 440
Military Service Chancery 164–5, 173, 179,
181, 216
military status 211, 215
military units 58, 68, 95–7, 99–100, 107
Miliukov, Pavel 277480 Index